महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-224, verse-19

चत्वार्याहुः सहस्राणि वर्षाणां तत्कृतं युगम् ।
तस्य तावच्छती संध्या संध्यांशश्च तथाविधः ॥१९॥

19. catvāryāhuḥ sahasrāṇi varṣāṇāṁ tatkṛtaṁ yugam ,
tasya tāvacchatī saṁdhyā saṁdhyāṁśaśca tathāvidhaḥ.

19. catvāri āhuḥ sahasrāṇi varṣāṇām tat kṛtam yugam
tasya tāvat śatī saṃdhyā saṃdhyāṃśaḥ ca tathāvidhaḥ

19. āhuḥ tat kṛtam yugam catvāri sahasrāṇi varṣāṇām
tasya saṃdhyā tāvat śatī ca saṃdhyāṃśaḥ tathāvidhaḥ

19. They declare that the Kṛta age (yuga) consists of four thousand years. Its dawn (saṃdhyā) is of four hundred (years), and its twilight portion (saṃdhyāṃśa) is of a similar length.

Words meanings summery:

• चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• वर्षाणाम् (varṣāṇām) - of years

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the Kṛta Yuga. (that)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - Refers to the first and longest of the four yugas. (Kṛta, the Kṛta age)

• युगम् (yugam) - age, era

• तस्य (tasya) - Of the Kṛta Yuga. (of it, its)

• तावत् (tāvat) - In relation to the previous number (4 thousands), implying "four (hundreds)". (so much, so many, as much as)

• शती (śatī) - Four hundred (years) in relation to the yuga length. (one hundred)

• संध्या (saṁdhyā) - The transitional period preceding the main yuga period, referred to as the 'dawn'. (dawn, twilight, transition period)

• संध्यांशः (saṁdhyāṁśaḥ) - The transitional period succeeding the main yuga period. (twilight portion, part of the transition)

• च (ca) - and

• तथाविधः (tathāvidhaḥ) - Similar in duration to the saṃdhyā, i.e., also four hundred years. (of that kind, similar)

Words meanings and morphology

चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies sahasrāṇi.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

perfect 3rd person plural form of √vac, irregular formation, from 'ah'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is implicit (e.g., "sages," "the learned").

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

Note: Direct object of āhuḥ.

वर्षाणाम् (varṣāṇām) - of years

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain

Note: Specifies what sahasrāṇi are.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the Kṛta Yuga. (that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Adjective to kṛtam yugam.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - Refers to the first and longest of the four yugas. (Kṛta, the Kṛta age)

(proper noun)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed; a die with 4 points; the Kṛta Yuga

Past Passive Participle

from root kṛ + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Noun in apposition with yugam.

युगम् (yugam) - age, era

(noun)

neuter, singular of yuga

yuga - age, era, yoke

Note: Subject/object of the implied verb.

तस्य (tasya) - Of the Kṛta Yuga. (of it, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Possessive, referring to kṛtam yugam.

तावत् (tāvat) - In relation to the previous number (4 thousands), implying "four (hundreds)". (so much, so many, as much as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Quantifies śatī implicitly as "four hundred" given the context of 4000 years.

शती (śatī) - Four hundred (years) in relation to the yuga length. (one hundred)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the "hundreds" of years that form the saṃdhyā. In context of tāvat and the 4000 years, this means 4x100 = 400 years.

संध्या (saṁdhyā) - The transitional period preceding the main yuga period, referred to as the 'dawn'. (dawn, twilight, transition period)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃdhyā

saṁdhyā - junction, twilight, dawn, transition period

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied verb "is").

संध्यांशः (saṁdhyāṁśaḥ) - The transitional period succeeding the main yuga period. (twilight portion, part of the transition)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃdhyāṃśa

saṁdhyāṁśa - twilight portion, part of the transition

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃdhyā+aṃśa)

• saṃdhyā – junction, twilight, dawn, transition period
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• aṃśa – part, portion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied verb "is").

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a conjunction.

तथाविधः (tathāvidhaḥ) - Similar in duration to the saṃdhyā, i.e., also four hundred years. (of that kind, similar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tathāvidha

tathāvidha - of that kind, similar, suchlike

Note: Qualifies saṃdhyāṃśaḥ.