महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-224, verse-16

दैवे रात्र्यहनी वर्षं प्रविभागस्तयोः पुनः ।
अहस्तत्रोदगयनं रात्रिः स्याद्दक्षिणायनम् ॥१६॥

16. daive rātryahanī varṣaṁ pravibhāgastayoḥ punaḥ ,
ahastatrodagayanaṁ rātriḥ syāddakṣiṇāyanam.

16. daive rātryahanī varṣam pravibhāgaḥ tayoḥ punaḥ
ahaḥ tatra udagayanam rātriḥ syāt dakṣiṇāyanam

16. varṣam daive rātryahanī punaḥ tayoḥ pravibhāgaḥ
tatra udagayanam ahaḥ dakṣiṇāyanam rātriḥ syāt

16. In the divine (deva) realm, a year constitutes their day and night. Furthermore, regarding the division of these two, the northern course of the sun (udagayana) is considered their day, and the southern course (dakṣiṇāyana) is their night.

Words meanings summery:

• दैवे (daive) - in the divine realm, pertaining to gods

• रात्र्यहनी (rātryahanī) - night and day

• वर्षम् (varṣam) - a year

• प्रविभागः (pravibhāgaḥ) - division, apportionment

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of these two, of them

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, further

• अहः (ahaḥ) - day

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• उदगयनम् (udagayanam) - northern course (of the sun)

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, is, may be

• दक्षिणायनम् (dakṣiṇāyanam) - southern course (of the sun)

Words meanings and morphology

दैवे (daive) - in the divine realm, pertaining to gods

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, heavenly, relating to gods (deva)

Note: Adjective in locative singular, modifying an implied noun like 'loke' (in the realm).

रात्र्यहनी (rātryahanī) - night and day

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of rātryahan

rātryahan - night and day

Compound type : dvandva (rātri+ahan)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

वर्षम् (varṣam) - a year

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, rainy season

प्रविभागः (pravibhāgaḥ) - division, apportionment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravibhāga

pravibhāga - division, partition, distribution

Prefixes: pra+vi

Root: bhaj (class 7)

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of these two, of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the 'day and night' of the divine realm.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, further

(indeclinable)

अहः (ahaḥ) - day

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

उदगयनम् (udagayanam) - northern course (of the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udagayana

udagayana - northern course (of the sun), summer solstice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udak+ayana)

• udak – north
  indeclinable
• ayana – course, path, going
  noun (neuter)
  Root: i (class 2)

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, is, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

दक्षिणायनम् (dakṣiṇāyanam) - southern course (of the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇāyana

dakṣiṇāyana - southern course (of the sun), winter solstice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dakṣiṇa+ayana)

• dakṣiṇa – southern, right
  adjective (masculine)
• ayana – course, path, going
  noun (neuter)
  Root: i (class 2)