योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-41, verse-20

जातो मातुः सुमित्राया गौर्या गुह इवापरः ।
पितास्य दशवर्षस्य दत्त्वा राज्यं वनं गतः ॥ २० ॥

jāto mātuḥ sumitrāyā gauryā guha ivāparaḥ ,
pitāsya daśavarṣasya dattvā rājyaṃ vanaṃ gataḥ 20

20. jātaḥ mātuḥ sumitrāyāḥ gauryāḥ guhaḥ iva aparaḥ
pitā asya daśavarṣasya dattvā rājyam vanam gataḥ

20. asya pitā daśavarṣasya rājyam dattvā vanam gataḥ
saḥ mātuḥ sumitrāyāḥ gauryāḥ guhaḥ iva aparaḥ jātaḥ

20. He was born from mother Sumitrā, like another Guha from Gaurī. His father, when he was ten years old, gave him the kingdom and went to the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born; produced; occurred

• मातुः (mātuḥ) - from the mother; of the mother

• सुमित्रायाः (sumitrāyāḥ) - from Sumitrā; of Sumitrā

• गौर्याः (gauryāḥ) - from Gaurī; of Gaurī

• गुहः (guhaḥ) - Guha (name of Kārttikeya)

• इव (iva) - like; as; as if

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another; other; different

• पिता (pitā) - Vidūratha's father (father)

• अस्य (asya) - his; of this

• दशवर्षस्य (daśavarṣasya) - when he (Vidūratha) was ten years old (of ten years; ten years old)

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; sovereignty

• वनम् (vanam) - forest; wood

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone; proceeded; reached

Words meanings and morphology

जातः (jātaḥ) - born; produced; occurred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born; produced; happened; become

Past Passive Participle

From root JAN (to be born, produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

मातुः (mātuḥ) - from the mother; of the mother

(noun)

feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

सुमित्रायाः (sumitrāyāḥ) - from Sumitrā; of Sumitrā

(proper noun)

feminine, singular of sumitrā

sumitrā - Sumitrā (a proper name, particularly of a queen)

गौर्याः (gauryāḥ) - from Gaurī; of Gaurī

(proper noun)

feminine, singular of gaurī

gaurī - Gaurī (a name of Pārvatī, Śiva's consort)

गुहः (guhaḥ) - Guha (name of Kārttikeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guha

guha - Guha (a name of Kārttikeya, son of Śiva and Pārvatī); a cave

इव (iva) - like; as; as if

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another; other; different

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - another; other; subsequent; western

पिता (pitā) - Vidūratha's father (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

अस्य (asya) - his; of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this; he/she/it

दशवर्षस्य (daśavarṣasya) - when he (Vidūratha) was ten years old (of ten years; ten years old)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of daśavarṣa

daśavarṣa - ten years; ten years old

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśa+varṣa)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• varṣa – year; rain
  noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Describes Vidūratha's age.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed by adding -tvā to the root DĀ.

Root: dā (class 3)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom; rule; sovereignty

Derived from rājan (king) + -ya.

Note: Object of 'dattvā'.

वनम् (vanam) - forest; wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest; wood; grove; water

Note: Indicates direction, object of motion.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone; proceeded; reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone; departed; reached; obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root GAM (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pitā'.