मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-35, verse-54
प्रतोददण्डौ च तथा सम्यग्वर्णाः कृतक्रियाः ।
स्ववर्णधर्मनिर्दिष्टमुपादानं तथा क्रियाः ॥५४॥
स्ववर्णधर्मनिर्दिष्टमुपादानं तथा क्रियाः ॥५४॥
54. pratodadaṇḍau ca tathā samyagvarṇāḥ kṛtakriyāḥ .
svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭamupādānaṃ tathā kriyāḥ.
svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭamupādānaṃ tathā kriyāḥ.
54.
pratodadaṇḍau ca tathā samyak varṇāḥ kṛtakriyāḥ
svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭam upādānam tathā kriyāḥ
svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭam upādānam tathā kriyāḥ
54.
Similarly, the goad and the staff (are to be handled). And the properly qualified classes (varṇa), having performed their rituals (kriyā), should undertake the acquisitions (upādāna) and actions (kriyā) prescribed by the intrinsic nature (dharma) of their own class (varṇa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रतोददण्डौ (pratodadaṇḍau) - goad and staff/stick
- च (ca) - and, also
- तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, and so
- सम्यक् (samyak) - proper, right, duly
- वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - classes, castes
- कृतक्रियाः (kṛtakriyāḥ) - those who have performed rituals/actions
- स्ववर्णधर्मनिर्दिष्टम् (svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭam) - that which is prescribed by the intrinsic nature (dharma) of one's own class (varṇa)
- उपादानम् (upādānam) - acquisition, materials, means
- तथा (tathā) - similarly, and also
- क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - actions, rituals, rites
Words meanings and morphology
प्रतोददण्डौ (pratodadaṇḍau) - goad and staff/stick
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of pratodadaṇḍa
pratodadaṇḍa - a goad and a staff
Compound type : dvandva (pratoda+daṇḍa)
- pratoda – goad, spur
noun (masculine)
From pratud (to goad) + suffix -a.
Prefix: pra
Root: √tud (class 6) - daṇḍa – staff, stick, rod, punishment
noun (masculine)
Note: Implied to be objects of an action (like 'to be prepared').
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects this list item to the previous.
तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, and so
(indeclinable)
Note: Introduces another item or set of instructions in a similar vein.
सम्यक् (samyak) - proper, right, duly
(adjective)
masculine, singular of samyac
samyac - right, proper, correct, complete, true
From sam + √añc (to bend, turn towards).
Prefix: sam
Root: √añc (class 1)
Note: This is part of the compound 'samyakvarṇāḥ'. In 'no_sandhi', 'samyak' is used as a separate word to represent the underlying form before sandhi.
वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - classes, castes
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, caste, class, social order, letter
Root: √vṛ (class 5)
Note: Subject of the implied sentence.
कृतक्रियाः (kṛtakriyāḥ) - those who have performed rituals/actions
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtakriyā
kṛtakriyā - one who has performed sacred rites, accomplished an action
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+kriyā)
- kṛta – done, made, performed
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Past Passive Participle from √kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix.
Root: √kṛ (class 8) - kriyā – action, deed, ritual, rite
noun (feminine)
From √kṛ (to do) + suffix -yā.
Root: √kṛ (class 8)
Note: Describes the 'varṇāḥ'.
स्ववर्णधर्मनिर्दिष्टम् (svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭam) - that which is prescribed by the intrinsic nature (dharma) of one's own class (varṇa)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭa
svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭa - prescribed by the intrinsic nature/duty of one's own caste/class
Past Passive Participle as the final element
Compound ending in Past Passive Participle
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+varṇa+dharma+nirdiṣṭa)
- sva – one's own
pronoun - varṇa – class, caste
noun (masculine) - dharma – intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, law
noun (masculine)
From √dhṛ (to hold, support)
Root: √dhṛ (class 1) - nirdiṣṭa – prescribed, designated, instructed
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Past Passive Participle from nir + √diś (to point out, prescribe) + kta suffix.
Prefix: nir
Root: √diś (class 6)
Note: Agrees with 'upādānam'.
उपादानम् (upādānam) - acquisition, materials, means
(noun)
neuter, singular of upādāna
upādāna - taking, acquisition, material cause, means
From upa + ā + √dā (to give/take) + suffix -ana.
Prefixes: upa+ā
Root: √dā (class 3)
Note: Object of implied verb 'should perform/do'.
तथा (tathā) - similarly, and also
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'upādānam' and 'kriyāḥ'.
क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - actions, rituals, rites
(noun)
feminine, plural of kriyā
kriyā - action, deed, performance, ritual, religious ceremony
From √kṛ (to do) + suffix -yā.
Root: √kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of implied verb 'should perform/do'.