मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-35, verse-27
उपवासस्त्रिरात्रन्तु दुष्टभक्ताशिनो भवेत् ।
अज्ञाते ज्ञानपूर्वन्तु तद्दोषोपशमेन तु ॥२७॥
अज्ञाते ज्ञानपूर्वन्तु तद्दोषोपशमेन तु ॥२७॥
27. upavāsastrirātrantu duṣṭabhaktāśino bhavet .
ajñāte jñānapūrvantu taddoṣopaśamena tu.
ajñāte jñānapūrvantu taddoṣopaśamena tu.
27.
upavāsaḥ trirātram tu duṣṭabhaktāśinaḥ bhavet
ajñāte jñānapūrvam tu tat-doṣopaśamena tu
ajñāte jñānapūrvam tu tat-doṣopaśamena tu
27.
For one who has consumed defiled food, a three-night fast is prescribed if done unknowingly. However, if it was done knowingly, then purification (is achieved) by specific penances for the alleviation of that particular fault.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उपवासः (upavāsaḥ) - a ritual fast (fast, fasting)
- त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - a fast lasting three nights/days (a period of three nights/days)
- तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the prescription) (but, indeed, however)
- दुष्टभक्ताशिनः (duṣṭabhaktāśinaḥ) - of one who has eaten defiled food
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be observed (should be, may be, would be)
- अज्ञाते (ajñāte) - when the act of eating defiled food was unknowingly committed (when unknown, in an unknown case)
- ज्ञानपूर्वम् (jñānapūrvam) - when the act was done with full awareness (knowingly, intentionally)
- तु (tu) - however, in contrast (but, indeed, however)
- तद्दोषोपशमेन (taddoṣopaśamena) - by a specific penance for the removal of that particular transgression (by the alleviation of that fault)
- तु (tu) - and further, moreover (but, indeed, however)
Words meanings and morphology
उपवासः (upavāsaḥ) - a ritual fast (fast, fasting)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of upavāsa
upavāsa - fasting, residence, dwelling
From upa-vas (to dwell near/fast) + a.
Prefix: upa
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Subject of bhavet.
त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - a fast lasting three nights/days (a period of three nights/days)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of trirātra
trirātra - three nights, three days
Dvigu compound of tri and rātra.
Compound type : dvigu (tri+rātra)
- tri – three
numeral - rātra – night
noun (neuter)
Note: Predicate nominative to upavāsaḥ.
तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the prescription) (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
दुष्टभक्ताशिनः (duṣṭabhaktāśinaḥ) - of one who has eaten defiled food
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of duṣṭabhaktāśin
duṣṭabhaktāśin - one who eats impure/defiled food
agent noun
Compound: duṣṭa (defiled) + bhakta (food) + āśin (eater). āśin is from āś (to eat).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duṣṭa+bhakta+āśin)
- duṣṭa – defiled, impure, wicked
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root duṣ (to be defiled) + kta.
Root: duṣ (class 4) - bhakta – food, portion, devoted
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root bhaj (to divide, obtain) + kta.
Root: bhaj (class 1) - āśin – eater, consumer
adjective (masculine)
Agent Noun
From āś (to eat) + in (suffix for agent).
Root: āś (class 9)
Note: Refers to the person for whom the fast is prescribed.
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be observed (should be, may be, would be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Main verb of the first sentence.
अज्ञाते (ajñāte) - when the act of eating defiled food was unknowingly committed (when unknown, in an unknown case)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of ajñāta
ajñāta - unknown, unnoticed, unconscious
Past Passive Participle
Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a- (negative) and jñāta. From root jñā + kta.
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāta)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - jñāta – known, understood
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root jñā (to know) + kta.
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Functions adverbially, indicating condition.
ज्ञानपूर्वम् (jñānapūrvam) - when the act was done with full awareness (knowingly, intentionally)
(indeclinable)
Tatpurusha compound. jñāna (knowledge) + pūrva (preceded by).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+pūrva)
- jñāna – knowledge, understanding
noun (neuter)
From root jñā (to know) + ana.
Root: jñā (class 9) - pūrva – preceded by, before, former
adjective (neuter)
Note: Functions adverbially.
तु (tu) - however, in contrast (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
तद्दोषोपशमेन (taddoṣopaśamena) - by a specific penance for the removal of that particular transgression (by the alleviation of that fault)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of taddoṣopaśama
taddoṣopaśama - alleviation/removal of that fault
Compound: tat (that) + doṣa (fault) + upaśama (alleviation).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tat+doṣa+upaśama)
- tat – that, its
pronoun (neuter) - doṣa – fault, defect, sin
noun (masculine)
From root duṣ (to be defiled) + a.
Root: duṣ (class 4) - upaśama – alleviation, cessation, mitigation
noun (masculine)
From upa-śam + a.
Prefix: upa
Root: śam (class 1)
Note: Indicates the means of purification for knowing acts.
तु (tu) - and further, moreover (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
Note: Reinforces the distinction.