मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-35, verse-30
न लङ्घयेत् तथैवासृक्ष्ठीवनोद्वर्तनानि च ।
नोद्यानादौ विकालेषु प्राज्ञस्तिष्ठेत् कदाचन ॥३०॥
नोद्यानादौ विकालेषु प्राज्ञस्तिष्ठेत् कदाचन ॥३०॥
30. na laṅghayet tathaivāsṛkṣṭhīvanodvartanāni ca .
nodyānādau vikāleṣu prājñastiṣṭhet kadācana.
nodyānādau vikāleṣu prājñastiṣṭhet kadācana.
30.
na laṅghayet tathā eva asṛkṣṭhīvanodvartanāni ca
na udyānādau vikāleṣu prājñaḥ tiṣṭhet kadācana
na udyānādau vikāleṣu prājñaḥ tiṣṭhet kadācana
30.
One should not step over blood, spittle, or waste. Similarly, a wise person should never remain in gardens or similar places during inappropriate times.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- लङ्घयेत् (laṅghayet) - one should step over, one should transgress
- तथा (tathā) - thus, in the same way, similarly
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, just
- असृक्ष्ठीवनोद्वर्तनानि (asṛkṣṭhīvanodvartanāni) - blood, spittle, and waste
- च (ca) - and, also, moreover
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- उद्यानादौ (udyānādau) - in gardens and similar places
- विकालेषु (vikāleṣu) - in improper times, during odd hours
- प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise, intelligent, a wise person
- तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - one should stand, stay, remain
- कदाचन (kadācana) - never (due to `na` before it) (ever, at any time, never (with `na`))
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
लङ्घयेत् (laṅghayet) - one should step over, one should transgress
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of laṅgh
optative mood
3rd person singular, optative, active voice
Root: laṅgh (class 1)
तथा (tathā) - thus, in the same way, similarly
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - only, indeed, just
(indeclinable)
असृक्ष्ठीवनोद्वर्तनानि (asṛkṣṭhīvanodvartanāni) - blood, spittle, and waste
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of asṛkṣṭhīvanodvartana
asṛkṣṭhīvanodvartana - blood, spittle, and waste (a collective term)
Compound type : dvandva (asṛj+ṣṭhīvana+udvartana)
- asṛj – blood
noun (neuter) - ṣṭhīvana – spittle, saliva
noun (neuter)
From root `ṣṭhīv` (to spit)
Root: ṣṭhīv (class 1) - udvartana – dirt, rubbish, excrement, unguent, rubbing the body
noun (neuter)
From prefix `ud` + root `vṛt`
Prefix: ud
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Direct object of `laṅghayet`.
च (ca) - and, also, moreover
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the two halves of the verse.
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
उद्यानादौ (udyānādau) - in gardens and similar places
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of udyānādi
udyānādi - garden etc., beginning with gardens
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udyāna+ādi)
- udyāna – garden, park, pleasure ground
noun (neuter)
From prefix `ud` + root `yā`
Prefix: ud
Root: yā (class 2) - ādi – beginning, first, etc., and so on
noun (masculine)
Note: The compound `udyānādi` takes the masculine locative singular ending.
विकालेषु (vikāleṣu) - in improper times, during odd hours
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of vikāla
vikāla - improper time, wrong time, odd hour
`vi` (bad) + `kāla` (time)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vi+kāla)
- vi – apart, asunder, away, badly, against
indeclinable - kāla – time, period, season, death
noun (masculine)
Note: Locative plural, indicating 'at/in (these) times'.
प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise, intelligent, a wise person
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña
prājña - wise, knowing, intelligent, a sage
From `pra` + `jñā` (root) + `a`
Prefix: pra
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Subject of `tiṣṭhet`.
तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - one should stand, stay, remain
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of sthā
optative mood
3rd person singular, optative, active voice (from root `sthā`, 1st class, present stem `tiṣṭha`)
Root: sthā (class 1)
कदाचन (kadācana) - never (due to `na` before it) (ever, at any time, never (with `na`))
(indeclinable)
From `kadā` (when) + `cana` (indefinite particle)