मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-35, verse-51
स्वाः स्वाः कर्मक्रियाः कुर्युः सर्वे वर्णा यथाविधि ।
प्रेतमुद्दिश्य कर्तव्यमेकोद्दिष्टं ततः परम् ॥५१॥
प्रेतमुद्दिश्य कर्तव्यमेकोद्दिष्टं ततः परम् ॥५१॥
51. svāḥ svāḥ karmakriyāḥ kuryuḥ sarve varṇā yathāvidhi .
pretamuddiśya kartavyamekoddiṣṭaṃ tataḥ param.
pretamuddiśya kartavyamekoddiṣṭaṃ tataḥ param.
51.
svāḥ svāḥ karma-kriyāḥ kuryuḥ sarve varṇāḥ yathāvidhi
| pretam uddiśya kartavyam ekoddiṣṭam tataḥ param
| pretam uddiśya kartavyam ekoddiṣṭam tataḥ param
51.
All castes (varṇas) should perform their respective ritual actions (karmakriyās) according to the rules. After that, a single oblation (ekoddiṣṭa) should be performed, intended for the deceased (preta).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्वाः (svāḥ) - their respective (one's own, respective)
- स्वाः (svāḥ) - their respective (one's own, respective)
- कर्म-क्रियाः (karma-kriyāḥ) - ritual actions (karmakriyās) (ritual actions, rites)
- कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - should perform (they should do, they should perform)
- सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)
- वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - castes (varṇas) (castes, classes, colors)
- यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to the rules (according to rule, as prescribed, duly)
- प्रेतम् (pretam) - the deceased (preta) (the deceased, the departed spirit)
- उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - intending for (having intended, referring to, aiming at)
- कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed (to be done, ought to be done, duty)
- एकोद्दिष्टम् (ekoddiṣṭam) - a single oblation (ekoddiṣṭa) (a single offering, a rite for a single deceased person)
- ततः (tataḥ) - after that (then, thence, from that)
- परम् (param) - afterwards (afterwards, later, next)
Words meanings and morphology
स्वाः (svāḥ) - their respective (one's own, respective)
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of sva
sva - one's own, self, own, property
Feminine plural.
स्वाः (svāḥ) - their respective (one's own, respective)
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of sva
sva - one's own, self, own, property
Feminine plural.
कर्म-क्रियाः (karma-kriyāḥ) - ritual actions (karmakriyās) (ritual actions, rites)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of karmakriyā
karmakriyā - ritual act, ceremonial action, rite, any action (karma)
Compound noun.
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (karma+kriyā)
- karma – action, ritual, deed, fate (karma)
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - kriyā – action, deed, ritual, performance
noun (feminine)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of `kuryuḥ`.
कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - should perform (they should do, they should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of kṛ
Optative form of root `kṛ`.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Masculine nominative plural.
Note: Qualifies `varṇāḥ`.
वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - castes (varṇas) (castes, classes, colors)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, tint, caste, class, letter (varṇa)
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Subject of `kuryuḥ`.
यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to the rules (according to rule, as prescribed, duly)
(indeclinable)
Avyayībhāva compound or adverbial formation.
Compound type : Avyayībhāva (yathā+vidhi)
- yathā – as, like, according to
indeclinable - vidhi – rule, injunction, method (vidhi)
noun (masculine)
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
प्रेतम् (pretam) - the deceased (preta) (the deceased, the departed spirit)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of preta
preta - departed, deceased, a departed spirit, ghost (preta)
Past Passive Participle
From `pra-` + root `i` (to go).
Prefix: pra
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Object of `uddiśya`.
उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - intending for (having intended, referring to, aiming at)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive / Gerund
Formed from `ud-` + root `diś` + suffix `-ya`.
Prefix: ud
Root: diś (class 6)
कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed (to be done, ought to be done, duty)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya
kartavya - to be done, ought to be done, proper to be done, duty
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
Derived from root `kṛ` with suffix `-tavya`.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
एकोद्दिष्टम् (ekoddiṣṭam) - a single oblation (ekoddiṣṭa) (a single offering, a rite for a single deceased person)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ekoddiṣṭa
ekoddiṣṭa - directed to one person (esp. a deceased ancestor), a particular type of śrāddha (funeral offering) (ekoddiṣṭa)
Compound noun.
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (eka+uddiṣṭa)
- eka – one, single
numeral - uddiṣṭa – declared, enjoined, mentioned, pointed out
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from `ud-` + root `diś` (to point out, declare).
Prefix: ud
Root: diś (class 6)
Note: Subject of `kartavyam`.
ततः (tataḥ) - after that (then, thence, from that)
(indeclinable)
परम् (param) - afterwards (afterwards, later, next)
(indeclinable)
Here used adverbially.
Note: Adverbial usage.