मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-35, verse-40

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दशाहं ब्राह्मणस्तिष्ठेद्दानहोमादिवर्जितः ।
क्षत्रियो द्वादशाहञ्च वैश्यो मासार्धमेव च ॥४०॥

40. daśāhaṃ brāhmaṇastiṣṭheddānahomādivarjitaḥ .
kṣatriyo dvādaśāhañca vaiśyo māsārdhameva ca.

40. daśāham brāhmaṇaḥ tiṣṭhet dānahomādivarjitaḥ
kṣatriyaḥ dvādaśāham ca vaiśyaḥ māsārdham eva ca

40. A Brahmin should remain for ten days, abstaining from giving gifts (dāna) and performing fire sacrifices (homa), etc. A Kṣatriya should observe this for twelve days, and a Vaiśya for half a month.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

दशाहम् (daśāham) - for ten days, for a period of ten days

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - should observe (a period of impurity) (should stay, should remain, should abide, should observe)

दानहोमादिवर्जितः (dānahomādivarjitaḥ) - devoid of giving gifts (dāna) and fire sacrifices (homa), etc.; abstaining from gifts and sacrifices, etc.

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kṣatriya, a member of the warrior class

द्वादशाहम् (dvādaśāham) - for twelve days, for a period of twelve days

च (ca) - and, also

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya, a member of the merchant/farmer class

मासार्धम् (māsārdham) - half a month, fortnight

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

दशाहम् (daśāham) - for ten days, for a period of ten days

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśāha

daśāha - ten days, a period of ten days

Note: Accusative of duration.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to Brahman

Note: Refers to the first of the four varnas.

तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - should observe (a period of impurity) (should stay, should remain, should abide, should observe)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sthā

Conjugated form of the root sthā.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Implies a prescribed period of observance or impurity.

दानहोमादिवर्जितः (dānahomādivarjitaḥ) - devoid of giving gifts (dāna) and fire sacrifices (homa), etc.; abstaining from gifts and sacrifices, etc.

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānahomādivarjita

dānahomādivarjita - abstaining from gifts (dāna), fire sacrifices (homa), and the like; devoid of gifts and sacrifices, etc.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāna+homa+ādi+varjita)

dāna – gift, giving, charity (dāna)
noun (neuter)
From root dā (to give)
Root: dā (class 3)
homa – fire sacrifice, oblation (homa)
noun (masculine)
From root hu (to offer)
Root: hu (class 3)
ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on
indeclinable
varjita – avoided, excluded, deprived of, abstaining from
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root vṛj (to avoid, exclude) with suffix -ita.
Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `brāhmaṇaḥ`. The "ādi" here modifies "dāna-homa", meaning "gifts, sacrifices, and the like".

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kṣatriya, a member of the warrior class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class, princely, royal

द्वादशाहम् (dvādaśāham) - for twelve days, for a period of twelve days

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvādaśāha

dvādaśāha - twelve days, a period of twelve days

Note: Accusative of duration.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)