मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-35, verse-3
भक्ष्या ह्येते तथा वर्ज्यौ ग्रामशूकरकुक्कुटौ ।
पितृदेवादिशेषश्च श्राद्धे ब्राह्मणकाम्यया ॥३॥
पितृदेवादिशेषश्च श्राद्धे ब्राह्मणकाम्यया ॥३॥
3. bhakṣyā hyete tathā varjyau grāmaśūkarakukkuṭau .
pitṛdevādiśeṣaśca śrāddhe brāhmaṇakāmyayā.
pitṛdevādiśeṣaśca śrāddhe brāhmaṇakāmyayā.
3.
bhakṣyāḥ hi ete tathā varjyau grāmaśūkarakukkuṭau
pitṛdevādiśeṣaḥ ca śrāddhe brāhmaṇakāmyayā
pitṛdevādiśeṣaḥ ca śrāddhe brāhmaṇakāmyayā
3.
These (animals mentioned previously) are indeed consumable, while the village pig and domestic fowl are to be avoided. Also, the remnants of offerings to ancestors (pitṛ) and deities (deva), consumed at a śrāddha ceremony, are to be taken according to the desire of Brahmins.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- भक्ष्याः (bhakṣyāḥ) - Refers to the animals listed in the previous verse. (eatable, consumable, fit for food)
- हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, surely, because)
- एते (ete) - Refers to the animals listed in the preceding verse (hare, tortoise, etc.). (these)
- तथा (tathā) - Introduces a contrasting or additional point. (thus, so, similarly, also)
- वर्ज्यौ (varjyau) - Refers to the two items (pig and fowl) that follow. (to be avoided, forbidden)
- ग्रामशूकरकुक्कुटौ (grāmaśūkarakukkuṭau) - These two animals are specifically indicated as forbidden. (village pig and domestic fowl/rooster)
- पितृदेवादिशेषः (pitṛdevādiśeṣaḥ) - Refers to the sacred leftover food from religious ceremonies. (remnants of offerings to ancestors, deities, and so on)
- च (ca) - Connects this clause with the previous one. (and, also)
- श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - Specifies the context for consuming the remnants. (in a śrāddha (ceremony))
- ब्राह्मणकाम्यया (brāhmaṇakāmyayā) - Implies that consumption is sanctioned or preferred by Brahmins during the ceremony. (by the desire of Brahmins, with the wish of Brahmins)
Words meanings and morphology
भक्ष्याः (bhakṣyāḥ) - Refers to the animals listed in the previous verse. (eatable, consumable, fit for food)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, plural of bhakṣya
bhakṣya - to be eaten, edible, consumable
Gerundive
From √bhakṣ (to eat, devour).
Root: √bhakṣ (class 10)
Note: Predicate to 'ete'.
हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, surely, because)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction/particle.
एते (ete) - Refers to the animals listed in the preceding verse (hare, tortoise, etc.). (these)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.
तथा (tathā) - Introduces a contrasting or additional point. (thus, so, similarly, also)
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
वर्ज्यौ (varjyau) - Refers to the two items (pig and fowl) that follow. (to be avoided, forbidden)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, dual of varjya
varjya - to be avoided, forbidden, shunned
Gerundive
From √vṛj (to abandon, shun).
Root: √vṛj (class 1)
Note: Predicate to 'grāmaśūkarakukkuṭau'.
ग्रामशूकरकुक्कुटौ (grāmaśūkarakukkuṭau) - These two animals are specifically indicated as forbidden. (village pig and domestic fowl/rooster)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of grāmaśūkarakukkuṭa
grāmaśūkarakukkuṭa - village pig and domestic fowl
Dvandva compound of 'grāmaśūkara' and 'kukkuṭa'.
Compound type : dvandva (grāmaśūkara+kukkuṭa)
- grāmaśūkara – village pig, wild boar
noun (masculine)
Compound of 'grāma' (village) and 'śūkara' (pig). - kukkuṭa – cock, domestic fowl
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject for 'varjyau'.
पितृदेवादिशेषः (pitṛdevādiśeṣaḥ) - Refers to the sacred leftover food from religious ceremonies. (remnants of offerings to ancestors, deities, and so on)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛdevādiśeṣa
pitṛdevādiśeṣa - remainder/remnants of offerings for ancestors (pitṛ) and gods (deva) etc.
Compound noun.
Compound type : dvandva tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+deva+ādi+śeṣa)
- pitṛ – father, ancestor (pitṛ)
noun (masculine) - deva – god, deity
noun (masculine) - ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on
indeclinable - śeṣa – remainder, remnant, residue, leftover
noun (masculine)
From √śiṣ (to leave, remain).
Root: √śiṣ (class 7)
Note: Subject for an implied verb 'is consumable'.
च (ca) - Connects this clause with the previous one. (and, also)
(indeclinable)
श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - Specifies the context for consuming the remnants. (in a śrāddha (ceremony))
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddha
śrāddha - a funeral or memorial ceremony performed for ancestors (śrāddha)
From 'śrad' (faith) + √dhā (to place).
Root: √dhā (class 3)
ब्राह्मणकाम्यया (brāhmaṇakāmyayā) - Implies that consumption is sanctioned or preferred by Brahmins during the ceremony. (by the desire of Brahmins, with the wish of Brahmins)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of brāhmaṇakāmya
brāhmaṇakāmya - desiring Brahmins, desired by Brahmins, for the sake of Brahmins' desire
Compound of 'brāhmaṇa' (Brahmin) and 'kāmya' (desire).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+kāmya)
- brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class
noun (masculine) - kāmya – desire, wish; desirable
noun (neuter)
From √kam (to desire).
Root: √kam (class 1)
Note: Indicates the reason or agency.