मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-35, verse-1
मदालसोवाच ।
अतः परं शृणुष्व त्वं वर्ज्यावर्ज्यप्रतिक्रियाम् ।
भोज्यमन्नं पर्युषितं स्नेहाक्तं चिरसंभृतम् ॥१॥
अतः परं शृणुष्व त्वं वर्ज्यावर्ज्यप्रतिक्रियाम् ।
भोज्यमन्नं पर्युषितं स्नेहाक्तं चिरसंभृतम् ॥१॥
1. madālasovāca .
ataḥ paraṃ śṛṇuṣva tvaṃ varjyāvarjyapratikriyām .
bhojyamannaṃ paryuṣitaṃ snehāktaṃ cirasaṃbhṛtam.
ataḥ paraṃ śṛṇuṣva tvaṃ varjyāvarjyapratikriyām .
bhojyamannaṃ paryuṣitaṃ snehāktaṃ cirasaṃbhṛtam.
1.
madālasā uvāca ataḥ param śṛṇuṣva tvam varjyāvarjyapratikriyām
bhojyam annam paryuṣitam snehāktam cirasaṃbhṛtam
bhojyam annam paryuṣitam snehāktam cirasaṃbhṛtam
1.
Madālasā said: Now, listen further concerning the guidelines for what is to be avoided and what is to be consumed. Food that is stale, mixed with fat, and stored for a long time [is generally to be avoided].
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मदालसा (madālasā) - The speaker of these verses. (Madālasā)
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- अतः (ataḥ) - Indicates a transition to the next topic. (hence, therefore, from this)
- परम् (param) - Indicates the topic that follows. (further, next, after)
- शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - Instruction to the son. (hear, listen)
- त्वम् (tvam) - The son being addressed. (you)
- वर्ज्यावर्ज्यप्रतिक्रियाम् (varjyāvarjyapratikriyām) - The topic of discussion, concerning dietary rules. (the method/treatment of what is to be avoided and what is to be consumed)
- भोज्यम् (bhojyam) - Describes the kind of food being discussed. (to be eaten, edible, food)
- अन्नम् (annam) - The general category of edibles. (food, cooked rice)
- पर्युषितम् (paryuṣitam) - Describes a characteristic of food to be considered. (stale, left over from previous day)
- स्नेहाक्तम् (snehāktam) - Describes a characteristic of food to be considered. (smeared/mixed with fat/oil, oily, greasy)
- चिरसंभृतम् (cirasaṁbhṛtam) - Describes a characteristic of food to be considered. (stored for a long time, collected long ago)
Words meanings and morphology
मदालसा (madālasā) - The speaker of these verses. (Madālasā)
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of madālasā
madālasā - Name of a legendary queen, known for her wisdom.
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac
Perfect Tense
3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Irregular formation.
Root: √vac (class 2)
अतः (ataḥ) - Indicates a transition to the next topic. (hence, therefore, from this)
(indeclinable)
Often acts as an adverb or conjunction.
परम् (param) - Indicates the topic that follows. (further, next, after)
(indeclinable)
Often used adverbially.
शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - Instruction to the son. (hear, listen)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √śru
Imperative Mood
2nd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)
Root: √śru (class 5)
त्वम् (tvam) - The son being addressed. (you)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you
Note: Subject of 'śṛṇuṣva'.
वर्ज्यावर्ज्यप्रतिक्रियाम् (varjyāvarjyapratikriyām) - The topic of discussion, concerning dietary rules. (the method/treatment of what is to be avoided and what is to be consumed)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of varjyāvarjyapratikriyā
varjyāvarjyapratikriyā - the method of what is to be avoided and what is to be taken/consumed
Compound type : dvandva tatpuruṣa (varjya+avarjya+pratikriyā)
- varjya – to be avoided, forbidden, shunned
participle (neuter)
Gerundive
From √vṛj (to abandon, shun).
Root: √vṛj (class 1) - avarjya – not to be avoided, allowed, proper, to be consumed
participle (neuter)
Gerundive
Negation 'a-' + √vṛj gerundive.
Prefix: a
Root: √vṛj (class 1) - pratikriyā – counteraction, remedy, treatment, method
noun (feminine)
From 'prati' + √kṛ (to do, make).
Prefix: prati
Root: √kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of 'śṛṇuṣva'.
भोज्यम् (bhojyam) - Describes the kind of food being discussed. (to be eaten, edible, food)
(participle)
Nominative, neuter, singular of bhojya
bhojya - to be eaten, edible, suitable for food, food
Gerundive
From √bhuj (to eat, enjoy).
Root: √bhuj (class 7)
Note: Adjective modifying 'annam'.
अन्नम् (annam) - The general category of edibles. (food, cooked rice)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anna
anna - food, cooked rice, grain
Past Passive Participle
From √ad (to eat), 'na' suffix.
Root: √ad (class 2)
Note: The subject noun being described by the following participles.
पर्युषितम् (paryuṣitam) - Describes a characteristic of food to be considered. (stale, left over from previous day)
(participle)
Nominative, neuter, singular of paryuṣita
paryuṣita - stale, left over, past its freshness
Past Passive Participle
From 'pari' (around) + √vas (to dwell, to remain).
Prefix: pari
Root: √vas (class 1)
स्नेहाक्तम् (snehāktam) - Describes a characteristic of food to be considered. (smeared/mixed with fat/oil, oily, greasy)
(participle)
Nominative, neuter, singular of snehākta
snehākta - smeared with oil/fat, oily, greasy
Past Passive Participle
Compound of 'sneha' (oil/fat) and 'ākta' (smeared).
Compound type : tṛtīyā tatpuruṣa (sneha+ākta)
- sneha – oil, fat, affection, tenderness
noun (masculine)
Root: √snih (class 4) - ākta – smeared, anointed, mixed
participle (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From √añj (to anoint), with augment 'ā'.
Root: √añj (class 7)
चिरसंभृतम् (cirasaṁbhṛtam) - Describes a characteristic of food to be considered. (stored for a long time, collected long ago)
(participle)
Nominative, neuter, singular of cirasaṃbhṛta
cirasaṁbhṛta - kept/stored for a long time
Past Passive Participle
Compound of 'cira' (long time) and 'saṃbhṛta' (collected, maintained).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (cira+saṃbhṛta)
- cira – long time, ancient
indeclinable - saṃbhṛta – collected, gathered, brought together, maintained
participle (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From 'sam' (together) + √bhṛ (to bear, carry, maintain).
Prefix: sam
Root: √bhṛ (class 3)