मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-35, verse-39
नित्यस्य कर्मणो हानिं न कुर्वोत कदाचन ।
तस्य त्वकरणे बन्धः केवलं मृतजन्मसु ॥३९॥
तस्य त्वकरणे बन्धः केवलं मृतजन्मसु ॥३९॥
39. nityasya karmaṇo hāniṃ na kurvota kadācana .
tasya tvakaraṇe bandhaḥ kevalaṃ mṛtajanmasu.
tasya tvakaraṇe bandhaḥ kevalaṃ mṛtajanmasu.
39.
nityasya karmaṇaḥ hānim na kurvīta kadācana
tasya tu akaraṇe bandhaḥ kevalam mṛtajanmasu
tasya tu akaraṇe bandhaḥ kevalam mṛtajanmasu
39.
One should never neglect their regular duties (karma). For in its non-performance, there is indeed only bondage in cycles of death and rebirth (saṃsāra).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नित्यस्य (nityasya) - of the daily/regular (duty) (of the constant, of the eternal, of the regular)
- कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of the regular religious duty/ritual (of the action, of the duty (karma))
- हानिम् (hānim) - neglect (of duty) (loss, failure, detriment, neglect)
- न (na) - never (not)
- कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should cause (a loss to), one should neglect (one should do, one should perform)
- कदाचन (kadācana) - never, at any time
- तस्य (tasya) - of that (duty's) (of that, its)
- तु (tu) - for, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- अकरणे (akaraṇe) - in the non-performance, in the neglect
- बन्धः (bandhaḥ) - bondage, fetter, tie
- केवलम् (kevalam) - merely, only, exclusively
- मृतजन्मसु (mṛtajanmasu) - in cycles of death and rebirth (saṃsāra) (in deaths and births, in rebirths)
Words meanings and morphology
नित्यस्य (nityasya) - of the daily/regular (duty) (of the constant, of the eternal, of the regular)
(adjective)
Genitive, neuter, singular of nitya
nitya - constant, perpetual, regular, daily
From `ni` (down) + root `i` (to go) + suffix `tya`.
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Qualifies `karmaṇaḥ`.
कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of the regular religious duty/ritual (of the action, of the duty (karma))
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite, the law of cause and effect (karma)
From root `kṛ` (to do, make) + suffix `man`.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Expresses possession or relation to `hānim`.
हानिम् (hānim) - neglect (of duty) (loss, failure, detriment, neglect)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of hāni
hāni - loss, abandonment, failure, neglect, detriment
From root `hā` (to abandon, lose) + suffix `ni`.
Root: hā (class 3)
Note: Object of `kurvīta`.
न (na) - never (not)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negation.
कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should cause (a loss to), one should neglect (one should do, one should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ
Optative Mood
Root `kṛ` (to do), 3rd person, singular, middle voice.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The subject is an implicit 'one'.
कदाचन (kadācana) - never, at any time
(indeclinable)
From `kadā` (when) + suffix `cana`.
Note: Adverb of time, intensifying the negation.
तस्य (tasya) - of that (duty's) (of that, its)
(pronoun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Demonstrative pronoun, referring back to `karmaṇaḥ` or the act of `hānim`.
तु (tu) - for, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction, introducing a consequence or emphasis.
अकरणे (akaraṇe) - in the non-performance, in the neglect
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of akaraṇa
akaraṇa - non-performance, non-action, neglect
From `a-` (negative prefix) + `karaṇa` (act of doing, performance).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+karaṇa)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - karaṇa – doing, making, performance, action
noun (neuter)
From root `kṛ` (to do) + suffix `lyuṭ`.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Denotes the condition or circumstance under which bondage occurs.
बन्धः (bandhaḥ) - bondage, fetter, tie
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bandha
bandha - bond, bondage, tie, fetter, imprisonment
From root `bandh` (to bind) + suffix `ghañ`.
Root: bandh (class 9)
Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.
केवलम् (kevalam) - merely, only, exclusively
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverb qualifying `bandhaḥ`.
मृतजन्मसु (mṛtajanmasu) - in cycles of death and rebirth (saṃsāra) (in deaths and births, in rebirths)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of mṛtajanman
mṛtajanman - death and birth, rebirth, cycles of transmigration (saṃsāra)
Dvandva compound of `mṛta` (death) and `janman` (birth).
Compound type : dvandva (mṛta+janman)
- mṛta – dead, death
adjective/noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root `mṛ` (to die) + suffix `kta`.
Root: mṛ (class 6) - janman – birth, origin, life
noun (neuter)
From root `jan` (to be born) + suffix `manin`.
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Denotes the sphere or state where bondage occurs.