मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-35, verse-41
शूद्रस्तु मासमासीत निजकर्मविवर्जितः ।
ततः परं निजं कर्म कुर्युः सर्वे यथोदितम् ॥४१॥
ततः परं निजं कर्म कुर्युः सर्वे यथोदितम् ॥४१॥
41. śūdrastu māsamāsīta nijakarmavivarjitaḥ .
tataḥ paraṃ nijaṃ karma kuryuḥ sarve yathoditam.
tataḥ paraṃ nijaṃ karma kuryuḥ sarve yathoditam.
41.
śūdraḥ tu māsam āsīta nijakarmavivarjitaḥ
tataḥ param nijam karma kuryuḥ sarve yathoditam
tataḥ param nijam karma kuryuḥ sarve yathoditam
41.
A Śūdra, however, should remain for a month, abstaining from their prescribed duties (karma). After that period, all should perform their own duties (karma) as previously ordained.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra, a member of the laboring class
- तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
- मासम् (māsam) - for a month
- आसीत (āsīta) - should remain (in a state of impurity), should observe (the period) (should sit, should remain, should observe)
- निजकर्मविवर्जितः (nijakarmavivarjitaḥ) - abstaining from one's prescribed duties (karma) due to a period of impurity (devoid of one's own duties (karma); abstaining from one's prescribed work)
- ततः (tataḥ) - after that (period) (thence, thereafter, from that)
- परम् (param) - after, later, beyond
- निजम् (nijam) - one's own, personal
- कर्म (karma) - prescribed religious/social duties (karma) (action, deed, duty (karma))
- कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - should perform (their duties) (should do, should perform)
- सर्वे (sarve) - all (members of society/varnas) (all)
- यथोदितम् (yathoditam) - as prescribed (by sacred texts/tradition) (as stated, as ordained, as arisen)
Words meanings and morphology
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra, a member of the laboring class
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the lowest social class, a laborer
तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
(indeclinable)
मासम् (māsam) - for a month
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of māsa
māsa - month
Note: Accusative of duration.
आसीत (āsīta) - should remain (in a state of impurity), should observe (the period) (should sit, should remain, should observe)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ās
Conjugated form of the root ās.
Root: ās (class 2)
Note: Similar to `tiṣṭhet` from the previous verse, indicating observance of a period.
निजकर्मविवर्जितः (nijakarmavivarjitaḥ) - abstaining from one's prescribed duties (karma) due to a period of impurity (devoid of one's own duties (karma); abstaining from one's prescribed work)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nijakarmavivarjita
nijakarmavivarjita - abstaining from one's own work/duties; deprived of one's own activities (karma)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nija+karma+vivarjita)
- nija – own, personal, native
adjective (masculine) - karma – action, deed, duty, ritual (karma)
noun (neuter)
From root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - vivarjita – avoided, excluded, deprived of, abstaining from
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root vṛj (to avoid, exclude) with upasarga vi- and suffix -ita.
Prefix: vi
Root: vṛj (class 1)
Note: Qualifies `śūdraḥ`.
ततः (tataḥ) - after that (period) (thence, thereafter, from that)
(indeclinable)
परम् (param) - after, later, beyond
(indeclinable)
Note: It functions adverbially here.
निजम् (nijam) - one's own, personal
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of nija
nija - own, personal, native
Note: Agrees with `karma`.
कर्म (karma) - prescribed religious/social duties (karma) (action, deed, duty (karma))
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite (karma)
From root kṛ (to do), suffix -man.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of `kuryuḥ`.
कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - should perform (their duties) (should do, should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
Conjugated form of the root kṛ.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Expresses prescription or command.
सर्वे (sarve) - all (members of society/varnas) (all)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Subject of `kuryuḥ`.
यथोदितम् (yathoditam) - as prescribed (by sacred texts/tradition) (as stated, as ordained, as arisen)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of yathodita
yathodita - as risen, as said, as enjoined, as declared
Past Passive Participle
Avyayībhāva compound of `yathā` and `udita` (PPP of `ud-i`).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+udita)
- yathā – as, in the manner that, according to
indeclinable - udita – risen, appeared, spoken, declared, prescribed
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root vad (to speak) with upasarga ud-.
Prefix: ud
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Adverbially modifies `kuryuḥ`.