महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-37

अपश्यमाना राजानं वर्तमाने जनक्षये ।
मन्वाना निहतं तत्र तव पुत्रं महारथाः ।
विषण्णवदना भूत्वा पर्यपृच्छन्त ते सुतम् ॥३७॥

37. apaśyamānā rājānaṁ vartamāne janakṣaye ,
manvānā nihataṁ tatra tava putraṁ mahārathāḥ ,
viṣaṇṇavadanā bhūtvā paryapṛcchanta te sutam.

37. apaśyamānāḥ rājānam vartamāne
janakṣaye manvānāḥ nihatam tatra
tava putram mahārathāḥ viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ
bhūtvā paryapṛcchanta te sutam

37. vartamāne janakṣaye rājānam apaśyamānāḥ,
tatra tava putram nihatam manvānāḥ te mahārathāḥ,
viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ bhūtvā,
sutam paryapṛcchanta

37. The great charioteers (mahārathas), not seeing the king amidst the ongoing destruction of men, and presuming your son had been slain there, became dejected and inquired after your son.

Words meanings summery:

• अपश्यमानाः (apaśyamānāḥ) - not seeing, not beholding

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - in the present, in the ongoing

• जनक्षये (janakṣaye) - in the destruction of men/people

• मन्वानाः (manvānāḥ) - presuming (your son) to be slain (thinking, believing, supposing)

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, struck down

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, supreme warriors

• विषण्णवदनाः (viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ) - with dejected faces, sad-faced

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

• पर्यपृच्छन्त (paryapṛcchanta) - they inquired about (your son) (they asked around, inquired)

• ते (te) - they, those

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

Words meanings and morphology

अपश्यमानाः (apaśyamānāḥ) - not seeing, not beholding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apaśyamāna

apaśyamāna - not seeing, not beholding

present active participle (ātmanepada) with negative prefix

Negative prefix a- + present participle of root dṛś (pśyā-)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+paśyamāna)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• paśyamāna – seeing, beholding
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)
  Derived from root dṛś (pśyā- stem) + śānac suffix
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - in the present, in the ongoing

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, ongoing

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist) + śānac suffix

Root: vṛt (class 1)

जनक्षये (janakṣaye) - in the destruction of men/people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janakṣaya

janakṣaya - destruction of men/people, carnage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+kṣaya)

• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decay
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi (to destroy)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

मन्वानाः (manvānāḥ) - presuming (your son) to be slain (thinking, believing, supposing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manvāna

manvāna - thinking, believing, supposing

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

Derived from root man (to think) + śānac suffix

Root: man (class 4)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni- + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you (pronoun)

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, supreme warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, supreme warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

विषण्णवदनाः (viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ) - with dejected faces, sad-faced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇavadana

viṣaṇṇavadana - dejected-faced, sad-faced

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣaṇṇa+vadana)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, sad, dispirited
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sad (to sink) with prefix vi- + kta suffix (ṇ becomes ṇṇ)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root bhū (to be, become) with suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

पर्यपृच्छन्त (paryapṛcchanta) - they inquired about (your son) (they asked around, inquired)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pṛcch

Prefixes: pari+apa

Root: prach (class 6)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (pronoun)

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sū (to bear, produce) + kta suffix; or directly as a noun.

Root: sū (class 2)