महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-21

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा पृष्ठमारुह्य वाजिनः ।
अपाक्रामद्धतरथो नातिदूरमरिंदमः ॥२१॥

21. tato duryodhano rājā pṛṣṭhamāruhya vājinaḥ ,
apākrāmaddhataratho nātidūramariṁdamaḥ.

21. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā pṛṣṭham āruhya vājinaḥ
apākrāmat hatarathaḥ na atidūram ariṃdamaḥ

21. tataḥ rājā duryodhanaḥ hatarathaḥ vājinaḥ
pṛṣṭham āruhya na atidūram apākrāmat ariṃdamaḥ

21. Then King Duryodhana, whose chariot had been destroyed, mounted the back of a horse and retreated, O subduer of enemies (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), but not very far.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• राजा (rājā) - king

• पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - back, surface, top

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted, having ascended

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - of a horse, of a steed

• अपाक्रामत् (apākrāmat) - he retreated, he moved away

• हतरथः (hatarathaḥ) - whose chariot was destroyed, having a destroyed chariot

• न (na) - not

• अतिदूरम् (atidūram) - not very far

• अरिंदमः (ariṁdamaḥ) - O subduer of enemies (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (subduer of enemies, enemy-tamer)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭham) - back, surface, top

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, rear, surface, top

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted, having ascended

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Formed from root √ruh (to rise, climb) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: √ruh (class 1)

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - of a horse, of a steed

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vājin

vājin - horse, steed; swift

अपाक्रामत् (apākrāmat) - he retreated, he moved away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apākrāmat

Imperfect

Root √kram (to step, go) with prefix 'apa'. Imperfect third person singular active.

Prefix: apa

Root: √kram (class 1)

हतरथः (hatarathaḥ) - whose chariot was destroyed, having a destroyed chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hataratha

hataratha - whose chariot is destroyed or slain

Compound adjective

Bahuvrīhi compound: hata (destroyed) + ratha (chariot)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+ratha)

• hata – killed, destroyed, smitten
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: √han (class 2)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अतिदूरम् (atidūram) - not very far

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atidūra

atidūra - very far, too far

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+dūra)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively, very
  indeclinable
• dūra – far, distant
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially here.

अरिंदमः (ariṁdamaḥ) - O subduer of enemies (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (subduer of enemies, enemy-tamer)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, enemy-tamer

Compound 'ariṃ' (enemy) + 'dama' (taming). An aluk-samāsa, where the accusative case ending of 'ari' is retained.

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing
  noun (masculine)
  From √dam (to tame)
  Root: √dam (class 4)