महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-24

ते वृताः समरे पञ्च गजानीकेन भारत ।
अशोभन्त नरव्याघ्रा ग्रहा व्याप्ता घनैरिव ॥२४॥

24. te vṛtāḥ samare pañca gajānīkena bhārata ,
aśobhanta naravyāghrā grahā vyāptā ghanairiva.

24. te vṛtāḥ samare pañca gajā-anīkena bhārata
aśobhanta nara-vyāghrāḥ grahāḥ vyāptāḥ ghanaiḥ iva

24. bhārata te pañca nara-vyāghrāḥ samare gajā-anīkena
vṛtāḥ grahāḥ ghanaiḥ vyāptāḥ iva aśobhanta

24. O Bhārata, those five tiger-like men, surrounded in battle by the elephant army, appeared like planets obscured by clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - The five Pandavas mentioned in the previous verse. (they, those)

• वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - surrounded by the elephant army (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• गजा-अनीकेन (gajā-anīkena) - by the elephant army

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhritarashtra. (O descendant of Bharata)

• अशोभन्त (aśobhanta) - they shone, they appeared

• नर-व्याघ्राः (nara-vyāghrāḥ) - Refers to the Pandavas. (tiger-like men, best of men, heroes)

• ग्रहाः (grahāḥ) - planets, celestial bodies

• व्याप्ताः (vyāptāḥ) - covered by clouds (covered, pervaded, enveloped)

• घनैः (ghanaiḥ) - by clouds

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - The five Pandavas mentioned in the previous verse. (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pandavas.

वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - surrounded by the elephant army (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, chosen, appointed, covered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) + kta suffix

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'te' and 'nara-vyāghrāḥ'.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'te' and 'nara-vyāghrāḥ'.

गजा-अनीकेन (gajā-anīkena) - by the elephant army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gajā-anīka

gajā-anīka - elephant army

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+anīka)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of 'vṛtāḥ'.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhritarashtra. (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India

अशोभन्त (aśobhanta) - they shone, they appeared

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śobh

Imperfect

Root √śubh/śobh (to shine, be splendid)

Root: śubh (class 1)

नर-व्याघ्राः (nara-vyāghrāḥ) - Refers to the Pandavas. (tiger-like men, best of men, heroes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara-vyāghra

nara-vyāghra - tiger-man, best of men, hero (like a tiger among men)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of aśobhanta.

ग्रहाः (grahāḥ) - planets, celestial bodies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of graha

graha - planet, celestial body, seizer, grasping

From root √grah (to seize, grasp)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Part of the simile.

व्याप्ताः (vyāptāḥ) - covered by clouds (covered, pervaded, enveloped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyāpta

vyāpta - pervaded, covered, comprehended, full of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'grahāḥ'.

घनैः (ghanaiḥ) - by clouds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ghana

ghana - cloud, dense, thick, solid

Note: Agent of 'vyāptāḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.