महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-44

ततस्तेषु प्रयातेषु धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमाः ।
आययुः पाण्डवा राजन्विनिघ्नन्तः स्म तावकान् ॥४४॥

44. tatasteṣu prayāteṣu dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamāḥ ,
āyayuḥ pāṇḍavā rājanvinighnantaḥ sma tāvakān.

44. tataḥ teṣu prayāteṣu dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamāḥ
āyayuḥ pāṇḍavāḥ rājan vinighnantaḥ sma tāvakān

44. rājan tataḥ teṣu prayāteṣu dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamāḥ
pāṇḍavāḥ tāvakān vinighnantaḥ sma āyayuḥ

44. O King, after their departure, the Pāṇḍavas, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, advanced, continuously striking down your warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• तेषु (teṣu) - When they (Kripa and Kritavarma from previous verse) had departed (in them, among them)

• प्रयातेषु (prayāteṣu) - when they (Kripa and Kritavarma) had departed (part of a locative absolute construction) (having departed, gone forth)

• धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमाः (dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamāḥ) - with Dhṛṣṭadyumna at the forefront, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• आययुः (āyayuḥ) - they came, they approached

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• विनिघ्नन्तः (vinighnantaḥ) - striking down, slaying

• स्म (sma) - Used with present participle to denote continuous past action (indeed, certainly)

• तावकान् (tāvakān) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) warriors or sons (your people, your men)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

तेषु (teṣu) - When they (Kripa and Kritavarma from previous verse) had departed (in them, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रयातेषु (prayāteṣu) - when they (Kripa and Kritavarma) had departed (part of a locative absolute construction) (having departed, gone forth)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of pra-yāta

pra-yāta - departed, gone forth, started

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā with prefix pra, used adjectivally.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमाः (dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamāḥ) - with Dhṛṣṭadyumna at the forefront, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogama

dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogama - having Dhṛṣṭadyumna as the leader/foremost

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛṣṭadyumna+purogama)

• dhṛṣṭadyumna – Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name, son of Drupada)
  proper noun (masculine)
• purogama – going before, leading, leader, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)

आययुः (āyayuḥ) - they came, they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ā-yā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; a Pandava (e.g., Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva)

Derived from Pandu with patronymic suffix.

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

विनिघ्नन्तः (vinighnantaḥ) - striking down, slaying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vi-ni-ghan

han - to strike, to slay, to kill, to destroy

Present Active Participle

Derived from root han with prefixes vi and ni.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

स्म (sma) - Used with present participle to denote continuous past action (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

तावकान् (tāvakān) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) warriors or sons (your people, your men)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, thine, belonging to you