महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-34

धृष्टद्युम्नस्तु समरे पराजित्य नराधिपम् ।
अपक्रान्ते तव सुते हयपृष्ठं समाश्रिते ॥३४॥

34. dhṛṣṭadyumnastu samare parājitya narādhipam ,
apakrānte tava sute hayapṛṣṭhaṁ samāśrite.

34. dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tu samare parājitya nara-adhipam
| apakrānte tava sute haya-pṛṣṭham samāśrite

34. tu dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ samare nara-adhipam parājitya
tava sute apakrānte haya-pṛṣṭham samāśrite

34. But Dhṛṣṭadyumna, having defeated the king in battle, while your son had retreated, having mounted the back of a horse...

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a Pāñcāla prince)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• समरे (samare) - in battle

• पराजित्य (parājitya) - having defeated

• नर-अधिपम् (nara-adhipam) - the lord of men, the king

• अपक्रान्ते (apakrānte) - used in a locative absolute construction, indicating a simultaneous action 'while X had retreated' (having retreated, having withdrawn)

• तव (tava) - your

• सुते (sute) - used in a locative absolute construction, indicating a simultaneous action 'while your son X had done Y' (son)

• हय-पृष्ठम् (haya-pṛṣṭham) - the back of a horse

• समाश्रिते (samāśrite) - used in a locative absolute construction, indicating a simultaneous action 'while X had mounted Y' (having taken refuge in, having resorted to, having mounted)

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a Pāñcāla prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a son of Drupada, brother of Draupadī)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war

पराजित्य (parājitya) - having defeated

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √ji (to conquer) with upasarga parā- and suffix -ya

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

नर-अधिपम् (nara-adhipam) - the lord of men, the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nara-adhipa

nara-adhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)

अपक्रान्ते (apakrānte) - used in a locative absolute construction, indicating a simultaneous action 'while X had retreated' (having retreated, having withdrawn)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of apakrānta

apakrānta - retreated, gone away, withdrawn

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kram (to step, go) with upasargas apa- and pra-

Prefixes: apa+pra

Root: kram (class 1)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

सुते (sute) - used in a locative absolute construction, indicating a simultaneous action 'while your son X had done Y' (son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son

हय-पृष्ठम् (haya-pṛṣṭham) - the back of a horse

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of haya-pṛṣṭha

haya-pṛṣṭha - horse's back

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+pṛṣṭha)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface
  noun (neuter)

समाश्रिते (samāśrite) - used in a locative absolute construction, indicating a simultaneous action 'while X had mounted Y' (having taken refuge in, having resorted to, having mounted)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samāśrita

samāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, mounted, inhabited

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śri (to resort to, cling to) with upasargas sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)