महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
अस्यतां यतमानानां शूराणामनिवर्तिनाम् ।
संकल्पमकरोन्मोघं गाण्डीवेन धनंजयः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
asyatāṁ yatamānānāṁ śūrāṇāmanivartinām ,
saṁkalpamakaronmoghaṁ gāṇḍīvena dhanaṁjayaḥ.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca asyatām yatamānānām śūrāṇām anivartinām
saṅkalpam akarot mogham gāṇḍīvena dhanaṃjayaḥ

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca: dhanaṃjayaḥ gāṇḍīvena asyatām yatamānānām anivartinām śūrāṇām saṅkalpam mogham akarot.

1. Saṃjaya said: Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna), with his Gāṇḍīva bow, rendered futile the resolve of those valiant heroes who were fighting, striving, and not retreating.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (Saṃjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• अस्यताम् (asyatām) - of those who were fighting (shooting arrows) (of those who were throwing/shooting)

• यतमानानाम् (yatamānānām) - of those who were striving (of those who were striving, trying, exerting themselves)

• शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of valiant heroes (of heroes, of valiant ones)

• अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those not retreating (of those not retreating, of unretreating ones)

• सङ्कल्पम् (saṅkalpam) - resolve (resolve, intention, determination)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he made (futile) (he made, he did)

• मोघम् (mogham) - futile (futile, vain, useless)

• गाण्डीवेन (gāṇḍīvena) - with his Gāṇḍīva (bow) (by Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow))

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (Saṃjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name)

Note: Narrator.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular, perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Governed by Saṃjaya.

अस्यताम् (asyatām) - of those who were fighting (shooting arrows) (of those who were throwing/shooting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asyat

asyat - throwing, shooting, casting

Present Active Participle

From root as (to throw, shoot)

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'śūrāṇām'.

यतमानानाम् (yatamānānām) - of those who were striving (of those who were striving, trying, exerting themselves)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself

Present Middle Participle

From root yat (to strive, endeavor)

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śūrāṇām'.

शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of valiant heroes (of heroes, of valiant ones)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, valiant, brave

Note: The main noun being qualified.

अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those not retreating (of those not retreating, of unretreating ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anivartin

anivartin - not retreating, steadfast

agent noun

From a (not) + ni-vṛt (to turn back, retreat)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• nivartin – retreating, returning
  adjective
  agent noun
  From root vṛt with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śūrāṇām'.

सङ्कल्पम् (saṅkalpam) - resolve (resolve, intention, determination)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṅkalpa

saṅkalpa - resolve, intention, will, determination

अकरोत् (akarot) - he made (futile) (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect

3rd person singular, imperfect active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to Dhanaṃjaya.

मोघम् (mogham) - futile (futile, vain, useless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mogha

mogha - futile, vain, useless, fruitless

Note: Qualifies 'saṅkalpam'.

गाण्डीवेन (gāṇḍīvena) - with his Gāṇḍīva (bow) (by Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow)

Note: Instrument used by Arjuna.

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Dhanaṃjaya (a name for Arjuna, lit. 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: The subject of 'akarot'.