महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-20

सोऽतिविद्धो महेष्वासस्तोत्त्रार्दित इव द्विपः ।
तस्याश्वांश्चतुरो बाणैः प्रेषयामास मृत्यवे ।
सारथेश्चास्य भल्लेन शिरः कायादपाहरत् ॥२०॥

20. so'tividdho maheṣvāsastottrārdita iva dvipaḥ ,
tasyāśvāṁścaturo bāṇaiḥ preṣayāmāsa mṛtyave ,
sāratheścāsya bhallena śiraḥ kāyādapāharat.

20. saḥ atividdhaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ tottrārditaḥ
iva dvipaḥ tasya aśvān caturaḥ
bāṇaiḥ preṣayāmāsa mṛtyave sāratheḥ
ca asya bhallena śiraḥ kāyāt apāharat

20. saḥ maheṣvāsaḥ tottrārditaḥ dvipaḥ
iva atividdhaḥ tasya caturaḥ aśvān
bāṇaiḥ mṛtyave preṣayāmāsa ca asya
sāratheḥ śiraḥ bhallena kāyāt apāharat

20. He, the great archer (Dhṛṣṭadyumna), severely wounded like an elephant tormented by a goad, sent his four horses to their death with arrows. And with a crescent-shaped arrow, he severed his charioteer's head from his body.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (he, that)

• अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - greatly pierced, severely wounded

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, one with a great bow

• तोत्त्रार्दितः (tottrārditaḥ) - afflicted by a goad, tormented by a hook

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Duryodhana) (his, its, of that)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - sent, dispatched

• मृत्यवे (mṛtyave) - to death

• सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of Duryodhana's charioteer (of the charioteer)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Duryodhana) (his, of him)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - by a crescent-shaped arrow

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• अपाहरत् (apāharat) - he took away, he severed

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - greatly pierced, severely wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atividdha

atividdha - greatly pierced, severely wounded

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'ati' (prefix) + 'viddha' (past passive participle of √vyadh 'to pierce')

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+viddha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively, greatly
  indeclinable
• viddha – pierced, wounded, struck
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √vyadh (to pierce)
  Root: √vyadh (class 4)

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, one with a great bow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, one having a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+iṣu+āsa)

• mahat – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āsa – throwing, bow (from √as 'to throw')
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √as (class 4)

तोत्त्रार्दितः (tottrārditaḥ) - afflicted by a goad, tormented by a hook

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tottrārdita

tottrārdita - afflicted by a goad

compound adjective

From tottra (goad) and ardita (afflicted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tottra+ardita)

• tottra – goad, elephant hook
  noun (neuter)
• ardita – afflicted, tormented, pained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √ṛd (to torment, vex)
  Root: √ṛd (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'two-drinker', referring to its trunk and mouth)

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Duryodhana) (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - sent, dispatched

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of preṣayāmāsa

Perfect (Periphrastic)

Formed from the causative of root √i (to go) with prefix 'pra', in the periphrastic perfect tense (ām-āsa construction).

Prefix: pra

Root: √i (class 2)

मृत्यवे (mṛtyave) - to death

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death

सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of Duryodhana's charioteer (of the charioteer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Duryodhana) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

भल्लेन (bhallena) - by a crescent-shaped arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow with a broad head, crescent-shaped arrow

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body

अपाहरत् (apāharat) - he took away, he severed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apāharat

Imperfect

Root √hṛ (to carry, take) with prefix 'apa'. Imperfect third person singular active.

Prefix: apa

Root: √hṛ (class 1)