महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-23

ततो रथेषु भग्नेषु त्रिसाहस्रा महाद्विपाः ।
पाण्डवान्रथिनः पञ्च समन्तात्पर्यवारयन् ॥२३॥

23. tato ratheṣu bhagneṣu trisāhasrā mahādvipāḥ ,
pāṇḍavānrathinaḥ pañca samantātparyavārayan.

23. tataḥ ratheṣu bhagneṣu tri-sāhasrāḥ mahā-dvipāḥ
pāṇḍavān rathinaḥ pañca samantāt paryavārayan

23. tataḥ ratheṣu bhagneṣu tri-sāhasrāḥ mahā-dvipāḥ
samantāt pañca pāṇḍavān rathinaḥ paryavārayan

23. Then, when their chariots were broken, three thousand great elephants surrounded the five Pandava charioteers from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• रथेषु (ratheṣu) - in their chariots (in chariots, on chariots)

• भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - when the chariots were broken (in the broken ones, when broken)

• त्रि-साहस्राः (tri-sāhasrāḥ) - three thousand

• महा-द्विपाः (mahā-dvipāḥ) - great elephants

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the sons of Pandu, the Pandavas

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - the Pandavas as charioteers (charioteers, warriors in chariots)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they encompassed

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

रथेषु (ratheṣu) - in their chariots (in chariots, on chariots)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - when the chariots were broken (in the broken ones, when broken)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √bhañj (to break) + kta suffix

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Functions as an adjective agreeing with 'ratheṣu', forming a locative absolute construction.

त्रि-साहस्राः (tri-sāhasrāḥ) - three thousand

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tri-sāhasra

tri-sāhasra - three thousand, consisting of three thousand

Compound type : dvigu (tri+sāhasra)

• tri – three
  numeral
• sāhasra – thousand, consisting of a thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with mahā-dvipāḥ.

महा-द्विपाः (mahā-dvipāḥ) - great elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahā-dvipa

mahā-dvipa - large elephant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+dvipa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dvipa – elephant (literally 'drinker of two ways')
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi 'two' + √pā 'to drink'

Note: Subject of paryavārayan.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the sons of Pandu, the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

Derivative of Paṇḍu

Note: Object of paryavārayan.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - the Pandavas as charioteers (charioteers, warriors in chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot, possessor of a chariot

From ratha + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Refers to the Pandavas.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavān rathinaḥ.

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they encompassed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryavāra

Imperfect

Root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefixes pari and ava, causative form

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)