महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-40

ते क्षत्रियाः क्षतैर्गात्रैर्हतभूयिष्ठवाहनाः ।
शरैः संपीड्यमानाश्च नातिव्यक्तमिवाब्रुवन् ॥४०॥

40. te kṣatriyāḥ kṣatairgātrairhatabhūyiṣṭhavāhanāḥ ,
śaraiḥ saṁpīḍyamānāśca nātivyaktamivābruvan.

40. te kṣatriyāḥ kṣataiḥ gātraiḥ hatabhūyiṣṭhavāhanāḥ
śaraiḥ saṃpīḍyamānāḥ ca na ativyaktam iva abruvan

40. te kṣatriyāḥ kṣataiḥ gātraiḥ hatabhūyiṣṭhavāhanāḥ
ca śaraiḥ saṃpīḍyamānāḥ na ativyaktam iva abruvan

40. Those warriors (kṣatriya), with their bodies mangled by wounds and most of their mounts destroyed, tormented by arrows, spoke as if indistinctly.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors, kshatriyas

• क्षतैः (kṣataiḥ) - by wounds, by injuries

• गात्रैः (gātraiḥ) - by limbs, by bodies

• हतभूयिष्ठवाहनाः (hatabhūyiṣṭhavāhanāḥ) - whose vehicles are mostly destroyed, having most mounts destroyed

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• संपीड्यमानाः (saṁpīḍyamānāḥ) - being greatly tormented/afflicted

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not

• अतिव्यक्तम् (ativyaktam) - very clearly, distinctly

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with kṣatriyāḥ.

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors, kshatriyas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - member of the warrior class, warrior, ruler

Note: Subject of abruvan.

क्षतैः (kṣataiḥ) - by wounds, by injuries

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of kṣata

kṣata - wound, injury, damage; wounded, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṣan- (to hurt, wound)

Root: kṣan (class 8)

गात्रैः (gātraiḥ) - by limbs, by bodies

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gātra

gātra - limb, body, member

Note: Used with kṣataiḥ, indicating bodies were affected by wounds.

हतभूयिष्ठवाहनाः (hatabhūyiṣṭhavāhanāḥ) - whose vehicles are mostly destroyed, having most mounts destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatabhūyiṣṭhavāhana

hatabhūyiṣṭhavāhana - whose vehicles are mostly destroyed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+bhūyiṣṭha+vāhana)

• hata – destroyed, killed, struck
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han- (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• bhūyiṣṭha – most, very much, in the highest degree
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of bahu (much)
• vāhana – vehicle, conveyance, mount
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root vah- (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kṣatriyāḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

संपीड्यमानाः (saṁpīḍyamānāḥ) - being greatly tormented/afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃpīḍyamāna

saṁpīḍyamāna - being greatly oppressed, tormented, afflicted

Present Passive Participle

Derived from prefix sam- + root pīḍ- (to oppress, torment)

Prefix: sam

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies kṣatriyāḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अतिव्यक्तम् (ativyaktam) - very clearly, distinctly

(indeclinable)

Prefix ati- (very) + vyakta (clear, manifest)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+vyakta)

• ati – over, beyond, very, excessively
  indeclinable
• vyakta – clear, manifest, distinct, evident
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from vi- + añj- (to anoint, make clear)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Formally neuter singular accusative of adjective ativyakta, used adverbially.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active Indicative

3rd person plural, imperfect active indicative

Root: brū (class 2)