महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-24, verse-56

परित्यज्य च पाञ्चालं प्रयाता यत्र सौबलः ।
राज्ञोऽदर्शनसंविग्ना वर्तमाने जनक्षये ॥५६॥

56. parityajya ca pāñcālaṁ prayātā yatra saubalaḥ ,
rājño'darśanasaṁvignā vartamāne janakṣaye.

56. parityajya ca pāñcālam prayātāḥ yatra saubalaḥ
rājñaḥ adarśanasaṃvignāḥ vartamāne janakṣaye

56. pāñcālam parityajya ca,
yatra saubalaḥ (asti),
(tatra) prayātāḥ,
rājñaḥ adarśanasaṃvignāḥ,
vartamāne janakṣaye (sati)

56. Having abandoned Pāñcāla, they departed to where Saubala (Śakuni) was, distressed by the king's disappearance, while the destruction of people was ongoing.

Words meanings summery:

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having relinquished

• च (ca) - and

• पाञ्चालम् (pāñcālam) - The country or people of Pāñcāla, indicating the battle against them (Pāñcāla (country or king))

• प्रयाताः (prayātāḥ) - departed, gone forth

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana (son of Subala (Śakuni))

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Duryodhana (of the king)

• अदर्शनसंविग्नाः (adarśanasaṁvignāḥ) - distressed by Duryodhana's disappearance (distressed by not seeing, agitated by the disappearance)

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - being, existing, ongoing

• जनक्षये (janakṣaye) - During the ongoing war where many people are being killed (in the destruction of people, in the annihilation of mankind)

Words meanings and morphology

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having relinquished

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with prefix 'pari-' and absolutive suffix '-ya'

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पाञ्चालम् (pāñcālam) - The country or people of Pāñcāla, indicating the battle against them (Pāñcāla (country or king))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - Pāñcāla (name of a country or its king/people)

प्रयाताः (prayātāḥ) - departed, gone forth

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prayāta

prayāta - departed, gone forth, proceeded

Past Passive Participle (used actively)

Derived from root 'yā' (to go) with prefix 'pra-' and suffix '-ta'

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Although a past passive participle, it often functions actively as 'they who have departed'.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana (son of Subala (Śakuni))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala (a name for Śakuni)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Duryodhana (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

अदर्शनसंविग्नाः (adarśanasaṁvignāḥ) - distressed by Duryodhana's disappearance (distressed by not seeing, agitated by the disappearance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adarśanasaṃvigna

adarśanasaṁvigna - distressed by not seeing, agitated by absence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+darśana+saṃvigna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• darśana – seeing, sight, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dṛś' (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• saṃvigna – agitated, disturbed, distressed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vij' (to tremble) with prefix 'sam-'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vij (class 6)

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - being, existing, ongoing

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, ongoing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist) with present participle suffix '-māna'

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to qualify 'janakṣaye'.

जनक्षये (janakṣaye) - During the ongoing war where many people are being killed (in the destruction of people, in the annihilation of mankind)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janakṣaya

janakṣaya - destruction of people, annihilation of mankind

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (jana+kṣaya)

• jana – people, man, living being
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, ruin, loss, decline
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṣi' (to destroy)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)