महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-10, verse-54

स भिन्नवर्मा रुधिरं वमन्वित्रस्तमानसः ।
पपाताभिमुखो दीनो मद्रराजस्त्वपाक्रमत् ॥५४॥

54. sa bhinnavarmā rudhiraṁ vamanvitrastamānasaḥ ,
papātābhimukho dīno madrarājastvapākramat.

54. saḥ bhinnavaṣrmā rudhiram vaman vitrastamānasaḥ
papāta abhimukhaḥ dīnaḥ madrarājaḥ tu apākramat

54. saḥ bhinnavaṣrmā rudhiram vaman vitrastamānasaḥ dīnaḥ abhimukhaḥ papāta,
tu madrarājaḥ apākramat

54. With his armor shattered, spewing blood, and his mind terrified, he (the charioteer) fell miserably face down, while the Madra king retreated.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the charioteer) (he, that)

• भिन्नवष्र्मा (bhinnavaṣrmā) - one whose armor is shattered, having shattered armor

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

• वमन् (vaman) - vomiting, spewing, emitting

• वित्रस्तमानसः (vitrastamānasaḥ) - terrified in mind, with a terrified mind

• पपात (papāta) - he fell down

• अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - face down, facing towards, turned towards

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed, poor

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Shalya, the king of Madra (the king of Madra)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• अपाक्रमत् (apākramat) - he retreated, he moved away

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the charioteer) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भिन्नवष्र्मा (bhinnavaṣrmā) - one whose armor is shattered, having shattered armor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhinnavaṣrman

bhinnavaṣrman - one whose armor is shattered, having shattered armor

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhinna+vaṣrman)

• bhinna – shattered, broken, split
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'bhid' (to break, cleave).
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• vaṣrman – armor, coat of mail, shield
  noun (neuter)

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood

वमन् (vaman) - vomiting, spewing, emitting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vamat

vamat - vomiting, spewing, emitting

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'vam' (to vomit, emit).

Root: vam (class 1)

वित्रस्तमानसः (vitrastamānasaḥ) - terrified in mind, with a terrified mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vitrastamānasa

vitrastamānasa - terrified in mind, with a terrified mind, having a frightened spirit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vitrasta+mānasa)

• vitrasta – terrified, frightened, alarmed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'tras' (to tremble, be afraid) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: tras (class 4)
• mānasa – mind, mental, belonging to the mind
  noun (neuter)

पपात (papāta) - he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - face down, facing towards, turned towards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, face to face, imminent, favourable

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, over
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed, poor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, distressed, sad, poor, humble

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'dai' (to become miserable).

Root: dai (class 4)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Shalya, the king of Madra (the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – name of a country or its people
  proper noun (neuter)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

अपाक्रमत् (apākramat) - he retreated, he moved away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of apākram

Prefixes: apa+ā

Root: kram (class 1)