महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-10, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिन्विलुलिते सैन्ये वध्यमाने परस्परम् ।
द्रवमाणेषु योधेषु निनदत्सु च दन्तिषु ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasminvilulite sainye vadhyamāne parasparam ,
dravamāṇeṣu yodheṣu ninadatsu ca dantiṣu.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tasmin vilulite sainye vadhyamāne
parasparam dravamāṇeṣu yodheṣu ninadatsu ca dantiṣu

1. saṃjaya uvāca tasmin sainye vilulite parasparam
vadhyamāne yodheṣu dravamāṇeṣu ca dantiṣu ninadatsu

1. Sanjaya said: "When that army was thrown into disarray, with soldiers killing each other; when the warriors were fleeing and the elephants were trumpeting...

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya, the charioteer and narrator, is speaking to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Sanjaya (the narrator))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Sanjaya said (said, spoke)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (Kaurava) army (in that, on that)

• विलुलिते (vilulite) - when the army was thrown into disarray (thrown into disarray, agitated, scattered)

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in that army (of the Kauravas) (in the army)

• वध्यमाने (vadhyamāne) - the army being killed (being killed, being struck)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - killing each other (mutually, reciprocally, each other)

• द्रवमाणेषु (dravamāṇeṣu) - when the warriors were fleeing (while running, fleeing)

• योधेषु (yodheṣu) - when the warriors (among the warriors, by the warriors)

• निनदत्सु (ninadatsu) - when the elephants were trumpeting (trumpeting, roaring, making noise)

• च (ca) - and (the elephants) (and, also)

• दन्तिषु (dantiṣu) - when the elephants (among the elephants)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya, the charioteer and narrator, is speaking to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Sanjaya (the narrator))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victorious, conqueror; Sanjaya (proper name)

Prefix: sam

Root: √ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Sanjaya said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From √vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Irregular formation.

Root: √vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (Kaurava) army (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'sainye'.

विलुलिते (vilulite) - when the army was thrown into disarray (thrown into disarray, agitated, scattered)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vilulita

vilulita - agitated, dishevelled, disordered, thrown into confusion

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √lul (to shake, agitate) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: √lul (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sainye'. Used in a locative absolute construction.

सैन्ये (sainye) - in that army (of the Kauravas) (in the army)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host; relating to an army

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'vilulite' and 'vadhyamāne'.

वध्यमाने (vadhyamāne) - the army being killed (being killed, being struck)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck

Present Passive Participle

Passive stem of √vadh (to strike, kill), suffix -māna.

Root: √vadh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sainye'. Used in a locative absolute construction.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - killing each other (mutually, reciprocally, each other)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

द्रवमाणेषु (dravamāṇeṣu) - when the warriors were fleeing (while running, fleeing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dravamāṇa

dravamāṇa - running, fleeing, melting

Present Active Participle (Middle Voice)

From √dru (to run, flee) with suffix -māna.

Root: √dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yodheṣu'. Used in a locative absolute construction.

योधेषु (yodheṣu) - when the warriors (among the warriors, by the warriors)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'dravamāṇeṣu' and 'ninadatsu'.

निनदत्सु (ninadatsu) - when the elephants were trumpeting (trumpeting, roaring, making noise)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of ninadat

ninadat - roaring, trumpeting, making a sound

Present Active Participle

From √nad (to sound, roar) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: √nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dantiṣu'. Used in a locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and (the elephants) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दन्तिषु (dantiṣu) - when the elephants (among the elephants)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dantin

dantin - elephant (possessing tusks); having teeth

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'ninadatsu'.