महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-10, verse-23

द्विरदास्तुरगाश्चार्ताः पत्तयो रथिनस्तथा ।
शल्यस्य बाणैर्न्यपतन्बभ्रमुर्व्यनदंस्तथा ॥२३॥

23. dviradāsturagāścārtāḥ pattayo rathinastathā ,
śalyasya bāṇairnyapatanbabhramurvyanadaṁstathā.

23. dvira-dāḥ turagāḥ ca ārtāḥ pattayaḥ rathinaḥ tathā
śalyasya bāṇaiḥ nyapatan babhrumuḥ vyanadan tathā

23. ārtāḥ dvira-dāḥ turagāḥ ca pattayaḥ rathinaḥ ca tathā śalyasya bāṇaiḥ nyapatan,
babhrumuḥ tathā vyanadan

23. Elephants and horses, foot soldiers and charioteers, all distressed, fell down due to Śalya's arrows; they staggered and roared.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विर-दाः (dvira-dāḥ) - elephants

• तुरगाः (turagāḥ) - horses

• च (ca) - and, also

• आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed, suffering

• पत्तयः (pattayaḥ) - foot soldiers

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, and, so

• शल्यस्य (śalyasya) - of Śalya

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - they fell down

• बभ्रुमुः (babhrumuḥ) - they wandered, staggered

• व्यनदन् (vyanadan) - they roared, cried out

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, and, so

Words meanings and morphology

द्विर-दाः (dvira-dāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvira-da

dvira-da - elephant (lit. 'having two teeth/tusks')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tooth, tusk
  noun (masculine)

तुरगाः (turagāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse (lit. 'swift-goer')

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, hurt, suffering, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root ṛ with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

पत्तयः (pattayaḥ) - foot soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patti

patti - foot soldier, infantry, pedestrian

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

तथा (tathā) - likewise, and, so

(indeclinable)

शल्यस्य (śalyasya) - of Śalya

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of a warrior, king of Madra)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow, dart

न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - they fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect

3rd person plural, past imperfect tense, active voice, with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

बभ्रुमुः (babhrumuḥ) - they wandered, staggered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhram

Perfect

3rd person plural, perfect tense, active voice

Root: bhram (class 1)

व्यनदन् (vyanadan) - they roared, cried out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nad

Imperfect

3rd person plural, past imperfect tense, active voice, with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, and, so

(indeclinable)