महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-10, verse-41

शल्योऽपि राजन्संक्रुद्धो निघ्नन्सोमकपाण्डवान् ।
पुनरेव शितैर्बाणैर्युधिष्ठिरमपीडयत् ॥४१॥

41. śalyo'pi rājansaṁkruddho nighnansomakapāṇḍavān ,
punareva śitairbāṇairyudhiṣṭhiramapīḍayat.

41. śalyaḥ api rājan saṃkruddhaḥ nighnan somakapaṇḍavān
punaḥ eva śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ yudhiṣṭhiram apīḍayat

41. rājan,
śalyaḥ api saṃkruddhaḥ,
somakapaṇḍavān nighnan,
punaḥ eva śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ yudhiṣṭhiram apīḍayat.

41. O king, Śalya, greatly enraged, while striking down the Somakas and Pāṇḍavas, again tormented Yudhiṣṭhira with his sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (proper noun)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, very angry

• निघ्नन् (nighnan) - striking, killing, slaying

• सोमकपण्डवान् (somakapaṇḍavān) - The allied forces of the Somakas and the Pāṇḍavas. (the Somakas and Pāṇḍavas)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharpened, with keen

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - he tormented, he oppressed

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - a spear, a dart; name of the king of Madras

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, very angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious, highly angry

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry) with prefix 'sam' and suffix '-kta'.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Used adjectivally.

निघ्नन् (nighnan) - striking, killing, slaying

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, kill, slay

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Present active participle of 'ni-han' (to strike down, kill). Nominative singular masculine.

सोमकपण्डवान् (somakapaṇḍavān) - The allied forces of the Somakas and the Pāṇḍavas. (the Somakas and Pāṇḍavas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of somakapaṇḍava

somakapaṇḍava - the Somakas and Pāṇḍavas (plural, collective)

Compound type : dvandva (somaka+pāṇḍava)

• somaka – a member of the Somaka tribe; a class of lunar deities
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – a descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas
  proper noun (masculine)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharpened, with keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharpened, keen, pointed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śo' (to sharpen) with suffix '-kta'.

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with bāṇaiḥ.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - he tormented, he oppressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pīḍ

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice, 'a' augment indicates imperfect.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)