महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-10, verse-12

पाण्डवाश्च महाराज समरे जितकाशिनः ।
मद्रराजं समासाद्य विव्यधुर्निशितैः शरैः ॥१२॥

12. pāṇḍavāśca mahārāja samare jitakāśinaḥ ,
madrarājaṁ samāsādya vivyadhurniśitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

12. pāṇḍavāḥ ca mahārāja samare jitakāśinaḥ
madrarājam samāsādya vivyadhuḥ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ

12. ca mahārāja,
samare jitakāśinaḥ pāṇḍavāḥ madrarājam samāsādya,
niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ vivyadhuḥ.

12. And O great king, the Pandavas, who were victorious in battle, approached the king of Madras and pierced him with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

• च (ca) - and

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• समरे (samare) - in battle

• जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - shining with victory, victorious

• मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - the king of Madras, Śalya

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having approached

• विव्यधुः (vivyadhuḥ) - they pierced, they wounded

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with sharpened

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pandava

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

समरे (samare) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - shining with victory, victorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitakāśin

jitakāśin - shining with victory, victorious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jita+kāśin)

• jita – conquered, won, victorious
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ji'.
  Root: ji
• kāśin – shining, appearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root 'kāś'.
  Root: kāś

मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - the king of Madras, Śalya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of Madras

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja)

• madra – a country or its people
  proper noun (neuter)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund with prefix)

Derived from root 'sad' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

विव्यधुः (vivyadhuḥ) - they pierced, they wounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect

3rd person plural Perfect form with reduplication.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with sharpened

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, sharp

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śo' (to sharpen) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed