महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-10, verse-4

हर्षणे युद्धशौण्डानां भीरूणां भयवर्धने ।
गाहमानेषु योधेषु परस्परवधैषिषु ॥४॥

4. harṣaṇe yuddhaśauṇḍānāṁ bhīrūṇāṁ bhayavardhane ,
gāhamāneṣu yodheṣu parasparavadhaiṣiṣu.

4. harṣaṇe yuddhaśauṇḍānām bhīrūṇām bhayavardhane
gāhamāneṣu yodheṣu parasparavadhaiṣiṣu

4. yuddhaśauṇḍānām harṣaṇe bhīrūṇām bhayavardhane
yodheṣu parasparavadhaiṣiṣu gāhamāneṣu

4. ...and when warriors, fiercely seeking to kill one another, plunged deeper into the fray – a spectacle that brought joy to those valorous in battle but intensified the terror for the fearful...

Words meanings summery:

• हर्षणे (harṣaṇe) - which gladdened (the valiant in battle) (in causing joy, in gladdening)

• युद्धशौण्डानाम् (yuddhaśauṇḍānām) - of those who were heroic in combat (of those valiant in battle)

• भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the timid ones (of the cowards, of the timid)

• भयवर्धने (bhayavardhane) - which increased the fear of the cowards (in increasing fear, in promoting fear)

• गाहमानेषु (gāhamāneṣu) - when the warriors were plunging into battle (among those plunging, entering)

• योधेषु (yodheṣu) - when the warriors (among the warriors)

• परस्परवधैषिषु (parasparavadhaiṣiṣu) - when the warriors were desiring mutual killing (among those desiring mutual killing)

Words meanings and morphology

हर्षणे (harṣaṇe) - which gladdened (the valiant in battle) (in causing joy, in gladdening)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of harṣaṇa

harṣaṇa - gladdening, causing joy, exciting, stimulating

From √hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice) with causative suffix -ṇā and noun suffix -a.

Root: √hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

युद्धशौण्डानाम् (yuddhaśauṇḍānām) - of those who were heroic in combat (of those valiant in battle)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yuddhaśauṇḍa

yuddhaśauṇḍa - addicted to fighting, valiant in battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+śauṇḍa)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From √yudh (to fight).
  Root: √yudh (class 4)
• śauṇḍa – addicted to, valiant, fierce, drunk
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Acts as the object of 'harṣaṇe'.

भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the timid ones (of the cowards, of the timid)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhīru

bhīru - timid, cowardly, fearful person

Note: Acts as the object of 'bhayavardhane'.

भयवर्धने (bhayavardhane) - which increased the fear of the cowards (in increasing fear, in promoting fear)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhayavardhana

bhayavardhana - increasing fear, causing dread

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+vardhana)

• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
• vardhana – increasing, growing, strengthening
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun from causative verb
  From √vṛdh (to grow) in causative form.
  Root: √vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

गाहमानेषु (gāhamāneṣu) - when the warriors were plunging into battle (among those plunging, entering)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of gāhamāṇa

gāhamāṇa - plunging, entering deeply, immersing

Present Middle Participle

From √gāh (to plunge, enter deeply).

Root: √gāh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yodheṣu'. Used in a locative absolute construction.

योधेषु (yodheṣu) - when the warriors (among the warriors)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'gāhamāneṣu' and 'parasparavadhaiṣiṣu'.

परस्परवधैषिषु (parasparavadhaiṣiṣu) - when the warriors were desiring mutual killing (among those desiring mutual killing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of parasparavadhaiṣin

parasparavadhaiṣin - desiring mutual killing/destruction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paraspara+vadha+eṣin)

• paraspara – mutual, reciprocal
  adjective (masculine)
• vadha – killing, striking, slaughter
  noun (masculine)
  From √vadh (to strike, kill).
  Root: √vadh (class 1)
• eṣin – desiring, seeking, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from desiderative stem
  From √iṣ (to wish, desire).
  Root: √iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'yodheṣu'.