महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-10, verse-51

गदया युद्धकुशलस्तया दारुणनादया ।
पोथयामास शल्यस्य चतुरोऽश्वान्महाजवान् ॥५१॥

51. gadayā yuddhakuśalastayā dāruṇanādayā ,
pothayāmāsa śalyasya caturo'śvānmahājavān.

51. gadayā yuddhakusalaḥ tayā dāruṇanādayā
pothayāmāsa śalyasya caturaḥ aśvān mahājavān

51. yuddhakusalaḥ tayā dāruṇanādayā gadayā
śalyasya caturaḥ mahājavān aśvān pothayāmāsa

51. Skilled in battle (yuddhakusalaḥ), he crushed Shalya's (śalyasya) four very swift (mahājavān) horses (aśvān) with that mace (tayā gadayā) of terrible sound (dāruṇanādayā).

Words meanings summery:

• गदया (gadayā) - with the mace

• युद्धकुसलः (yuddhakusalaḥ) - skilled in battle (Bhima) (skilled in battle, expert in war)

• तया (tayā) - with that (mace) (with that (feminine instrumental singular))

• दारुणनादया (dāruṇanādayā) - with a terrible sound

• पोथयामास (pothayāmāsa) - he crushed (he crushed, he pulverized, he dashed)

• शल्यस्य (śalyasya) - of Shalya

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses (horses (accusative plural))

• महाजवान् (mahājavān) - very swift (very swift, of great speed)

Words meanings and morphology

गदया (gadayā) - with the mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Refers to the mace used by the warrior.

युद्धकुसलः (yuddhakusalaḥ) - skilled in battle (Bhima) (skilled in battle, expert in war)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuddhakusala

yuddhakusala - skilled in fight, expert in battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+kusala)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• kusala – skilled, expert, proficient
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the subject (Bhima).

तया (tayā) - with that (mace) (with that (feminine instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the mace.

दारुणनादया (dāruṇanādayā) - with a terrible sound

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dāruṇanāda

dāruṇanāda - having a terrible sound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dāruṇa+nāda)

• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, fierce
  adjective
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'gadayā' and 'tayā'.

पोथयामास (pothayāmāsa) - he crushed (he crushed, he pulverized, he dashed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √puth

Periphrastic Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, periphrastic perfect tense (formed with kāra and perfect of as) of causative of √puth

Root: puth (class 1)

शल्यस्य (śalyasya) - of Shalya

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (proper name); spear, dart, thorn

Note: Possessive, refers to Shalya's horses.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'aśvān'.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses (horses (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Object of 'pothayāmāsa'.

महाजवान् (mahājavān) - very swift (very swift, of great speed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahājva

mahājva - of great speed, very swift

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+java)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• java – speed, swiftness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aśvān'.