महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-10, verse-27

तमापतन्तं पत्त्यश्वैः क्रुद्धो राजा युधिष्ठिरः ।
अवारयच्छरैस्तीक्ष्णैर्मत्तं द्विपमिवाङ्कुशैः ॥२७॥

27. tamāpatantaṁ pattyaśvaiḥ kruddho rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
avārayaccharaistīkṣṇairmattaṁ dvipamivāṅkuśaiḥ.

27. tam āpatantam pattyaśvaiḥ kruddhaḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
avārayat śaraiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ mattam dvipam iva aṅkuśaiḥ

27. kruddhaḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tam pattyaśvaiḥ āpatantam tīkṣṇaiḥ śaraiḥ avārayat,
mattam dvipam aṅkuśaiḥ iva

27. Enraged, King Yudhiṣṭhira checked [Śalya], who was advancing with infantry and cavalry, with sharp arrows, just as one would control a maddened elephant with goads.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, attacking, falling upon

• पत्त्यश्वैः (pattyaśvaiḥ) - with foot soldiers and horses, with infantry and cavalry

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• राजा (rājā) - king

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - checked, warded off, stopped

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp, with keen, with fierce

• मत्तम् (mattam) - an intoxicated, a maddened, a furious

• द्विपम् (dvipam) - an elephant (lit. 'drinker twice')

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अङ्कुशैः (aṅkuśaiḥ) - with goads, with hooks

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, attacking, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, attacking

Present Active Participle

From root √pat (to fall, fly) with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

पत्त्यश्वैः (pattyaśvaiḥ) - with foot soldiers and horses, with infantry and cavalry

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pattyaśva

pattyaśva - infantry and cavalry, foot soldiers and horses

Compound type : dvandva (patti+aśva)

• patti – foot soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse, cavalry
  noun (masculine)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun), steady in battle

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

अवारयत् (avārayat) - checked, warded off, stopped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Causative form (vārayati) of √vṛ.

Root: vṛ (class 10)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp, with keen, with fierce

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, fierce, hot

Note: Agreeing with 'śaraiḥ'

मत्तम् (mattam) - an intoxicated, a maddened, a furious

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, maddened, wild, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root √mad (to be intoxicated, delighted)

Root: mad (class 4)

द्विपम् (dvipam) - an elephant (lit. 'drinker twice')

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'drinker twice', referring to its trunk and mouth)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अङ्कुशैः (aṅkuśaiḥ) - with goads, with hooks

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aṅkuśa

aṅkuśa - elephant goad, hook