महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-57, verse-4

एष दुर्योधनो राजा श्वेतच्छत्रेण भास्वता ।
कर्णेन भग्नान्पाञ्चालान्द्रावयन्बहु शोभते ॥४॥

4. eṣa duryodhano rājā śvetacchatreṇa bhāsvatā ,
karṇena bhagnānpāñcālāndrāvayanbahu śobhate.

4. eṣaḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā śvetacchatreṇa bhāsvatā
karṇena bhagnān pāñcālān drāvayan bahu śobhate

4. eṣaḥ rājā duryodhanaḥ bhāsvatā śvetacchatreṇa
karṇena bhagnān pāñcālān drāvayan bahu śobhate

4. This King Duryodhana, with his brilliant white umbrella, shines splendidly as he puts to flight the Pāñcālas, who have been routed by Karṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine singular nominative)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• श्वेतच्छत्रेण (śvetacchatreṇa) - with a white umbrella

• भास्वता (bhāsvatā) - brilliant (shining, brilliant, resplendent)

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• भग्नान् (bhagnān) - routed, defeated (broken, routed, defeated)

• पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas

• द्रावयन् (drāvayan) - putting to flight, driving away (causing to run, driving away, putting to flight)

• बहु (bahu) - greatly, splendidly (much, many, greatly)

• शोभते (śobhate) - shines splendidly (shines, appears beautiful, becomes)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of a king)

Root: yudh (class 4)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

श्वेतच्छत्रेण (śvetacchatreṇa) - with a white umbrella

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śvetacchatra

śvetacchatra - white umbrella

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śveta+chatra)

• śveta – white, bright, pure
  adjective
• chatra – umbrella, parasol
  noun (neuter)
  Root: chad (class 1)

भास्वता (bhāsvatā) - brilliant (shining, brilliant, resplendent)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhāsvat

bhāsvat - brilliant, shining, resplendent

Present Active Participle

derived from root bhās

Root: bhās (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'śvetacchatra'.

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a warrior name), ear

Note: Agent of the action 'broken'.

भग्नान् (bhagnān) - routed, defeated (broken, routed, defeated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, routed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root bhañj

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Functions as an adjective here.

पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native of Pañcāla, the Pāñcālas (a people)

Note: Object of the action 'driving away'.

द्रावयन् (drāvayan) - putting to flight, driving away (causing to run, driving away, putting to flight)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drāvayat

drāvayat - causing to run, driving away, putting to flight

Present Active Participle (causative)

derived from causative stem 'drāvaya' of root dru

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Functions as a participial adjective, describing Duryodhana.

बहु (bahu) - greatly, splendidly (much, many, greatly)

(indeclinable)

also an adjective, but here used adverbially

Note: Adverb.

शोभते (śobhate) - shines splendidly (shines, appears beautiful, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śubh

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Atmanepada.