महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-57, verse-30

एते त्वां कुरवः सर्वे द्वीपमासाद्य संयुगे ।
विष्ठिताः पुरुषव्याघ्र त्वत्तः शरणकाङ्क्षिणः ॥३०॥

30. ete tvāṁ kuravaḥ sarve dvīpamāsādya saṁyuge ,
viṣṭhitāḥ puruṣavyāghra tvattaḥ śaraṇakāṅkṣiṇaḥ.

30. ete tvām kuravaḥ sarve dvīpam āsādya saṃyuge
viṣṭhitāḥ puruṣavyāghra tvattaḥ śaraṇakāṅkṣiṇaḥ

30. puruṣavyāghra ete sarve kuravaḥ saṃyuge tvām
dvīpam āsādya tvattaḥ śaraṇakāṅkṣiṇaḥ viṣṭhitāḥ

30. O tiger among men (puruṣavyāghra), all these Kauravas, having taken refuge in you as if you were an island in battle, are standing here, desiring protection from you.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these (referring to the Kauravas) (these (masculine plural nominative))

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (referring to Karṇa) (you (accusative))

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas (the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and their allies) (the Kauravas (descendants of Kuru))

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (these Kauravas) (all, every)

• द्वीपम् (dvīpam) - an island (metaphorically, a place of refuge) (island, continent, refuge)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having taken refuge in, having resorted to (having reached, having obtained, having resorted to)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• विष्ठिताः (viṣṭhitāḥ) - standing (in a position of dependence), firmly established (in their reliance) (standing, situated, firmly established)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men (addressing Karṇa, indicating his eminence) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you (seeking protection from Karṇa) (from you)

• शरणकाङ्क्षिणः (śaraṇakāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring protection (desiring refuge, seeking shelter)

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these (referring to the Kauravas) (these (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'kuravaḥ'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (referring to Karṇa) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: Object of 'āsādya', and metaphorically identified with 'dvīpam'.

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas (the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and their allies) (the Kauravas (descendants of Kuru))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (an ancient king, ancestor of Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas); his descendants, the Kauravas

Plural form referring to the descendants of Kuru.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'santi'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (these Kauravas) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Universal pronoun.

द्वीपम् (dvīpam) - an island (metaphorically, a place of refuge) (island, continent, refuge)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent; a place of refuge or safety

Compound (dvi 'two' + ap 'water', hence 'land between two waters').

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+ap)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ap – water
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine noun, usually plural 'āpas'.
  Root: ap

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having taken refuge in, having resorted to (having reached, having obtained, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From the root √sad (to sit, approach) with prefix ā, forming a gerund with the suffix -ya (lyap).

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indicates a preceding action.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, conflict, union, encounter

From sam + √yuj (to join).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Indicates the sphere of action.

विष्ठिताः (viṣṭhitāḥ) - standing (in a position of dependence), firmly established (in their reliance) (standing, situated, firmly established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣṭhita

viṣṭhita - stood, situated, established, firm, dwelling, abiding

Past Passive Participle

From vi + √sthā (to stand, stay).

Prefix: vi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe the Kauravas.

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men (addressing Karṇa, indicating his eminence) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, foremost of men, excellent man

Compound: puruṣa (man) + vyāghra (tiger, used metaphorically as 'best').

Compound type : upamita-samāsa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  From √pṛ (to fill, nourish).
  Root: pṛ
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for a great warrior, addressed to Karṇa.

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you (seeking protection from Karṇa) (from you)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Ablative singular form of the second person pronoun, with the suffix -tas conveying 'from'.

Note: Indicates the source of protection.

शरणकाङ्क्षिणः (śaraṇakāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring protection (desiring refuge, seeking shelter)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śaraṇakāṅkṣin

śaraṇakāṅkṣin - seeking refuge, desiring shelter/protection

Compound of śaraṇa (refuge) and kāṅkṣin (desirer).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (śaraṇa+kāṅkṣin)

• śaraṇa – shelter, refuge, protection, asylum
  noun (neuter)
  From √śṛ (to crush, break) or √śrī (to resort to).
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• kāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing, longing for
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from desiderative of √kam or directly from √kāṅkṣ
  From √kāṅkṣ (to desire).
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the intent of the Kauravas.