महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-57, verse-13

तमायान्तं समीक्ष्यैव श्वेताश्वं कृष्णसारथिम् ।
मद्रराजोऽब्रवीत्कर्णं केतुं दृष्ट्वा महात्मनः ॥१३॥

13. tamāyāntaṁ samīkṣyaiva śvetāśvaṁ kṛṣṇasārathim ,
madrarājo'bravītkarṇaṁ ketuṁ dṛṣṭvā mahātmanaḥ.

13. tam āyāntam samīkṣya eva śvetāśvam kṛṣṇasārathim
madrarājaḥ abravīt karṇam ketum dṛṣṭvā mahātmanaḥ

13. madrājaḥ tam śvetāśvam kṛṣṇasārathim āyāntam
mahātmanaḥ ketum dṛṣṭvā eva karṇam abravīt

13. Just after seeing him approaching—the one with white horses and Kṛṣṇa as his charioteer—and having seen the banner of that great-souled one (mahātman), the king of Madras (Śalya) spoke to Karṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that (one))

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having perceived

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, even

• श्वेताश्वम् (śvetāśvam) - Arjuna's chariot (white-horsed, having white horses)

• कृष्णसारथिम् (kṛṣṇasārathim) - Arjuna, whose charioteer is Kṛṣṇa (having Kṛṣṇa as charioteer)

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya (the king of Madras)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - to Karṇa

• केतुम् (ketum) - banner, flag, emblem

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Arjuna (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyāt

āyāt - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

Prefix: ā

Root: √yā (class 2)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix: sam

Root: √īkṣ (class 1)

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, even

(indeclinable)

श्वेताश्वम् (śvetāśvam) - Arjuna's chariot (white-horsed, having white horses)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvetāśva

śvetāśva - having white horses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śveta+aśva)

• śveta – white, bright, pure
  adjective (neuter)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

कृष्णसारथिम् (kṛṣṇasārathim) - Arjuna, whose charioteer is Kṛṣṇa (having Kṛṣṇa as charioteer)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇasārathi

kṛṣṇasārathi - having Kṛṣṇa as charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛṣṇa+sārathi)

• kṛṣṇa – Kṛṣṇa (name of a deity)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya (the king of Madras)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – the country of Madra, a Madra king (usually Salya)
  proper noun (neuter)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √rāj (class 1)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Imperfect, 3rd singular

Root: √brū (class 2)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - to Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior)

केतुम् (ketum) - banner, flag, emblem

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, emblem, sign

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Arjuna (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, illustrious (referring to a person)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)