महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-97, verse-55

सात्यकिस्तु रणे जित्वा गुरुपुत्रं महारथम् ।
द्रोणं विव्याध विंशत्या सर्वपारशवैः शरैः ॥५५॥

55. sātyakistu raṇe jitvā guruputraṁ mahāratham ,
droṇaṁ vivyādha viṁśatyā sarvapāraśavaiḥ śaraiḥ.

55. sātyakiḥ tu raṇe jitvā guruputram mahāratham
droṇam vivyādha viṃśatyā sarvapāraśavaiḥ śaraiḥ

55. sātyakiḥ tu raṇe mahāratham guruputram jitvā
viṃśatyā sarvapāraśavaiḥ śaraiḥ droṇam vivyādha

55. But Sātyaki, having defeated the mighty charioteer, the guru's son (Aśvatthāmā), in battle, pierced Droṇa with twenty arrows made entirely of iron.

Words meanings summery:

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki (Sātyaki (a Yadava warrior, disciple of Arjuna))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• जित्वा (jitvā) - having defeated (having conquered, having won)

• गुरुपुत्रम् (guruputram) - the guru's son (Aśvatthāmā) (guru's son, teacher's son)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - the mighty charioteer (Aśvatthāmā) (mighty charioteer, great warrior)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name of the teacher/commander))

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (Droṇa) (pierced, struck)

• विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - by twenty (arrows) (by twenty)

• सर्वपारशवैः (sarvapāraśavaiḥ) - by arrows made entirely of iron (by all-iron (arrows))

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki (Sātyaki (a Yadava warrior, disciple of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (name of a Yadava warrior)

Patronymic.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, fight

From root `raṇ` (to rejoice, be glad, also to sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Denotes location of `jitvā`.

जित्वा (jitvā) - having defeated (having conquered, having won)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `ji` with suffix `tvā`.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Action completed before the main verb.

गुरुपुत्रम् (guruputram) - the guru's son (Aśvatthāmā) (guru's son, teacher's son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guruputra

guruputra - son of a teacher or guru

Compound of `guru` (teacher) and `putra` (son).

Compound type : tatpurusha (guru+putra)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - the mighty charioteer (Aśvatthāmā) (mighty charioteer, great warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior, one who can fight many thousands of warriors.

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ratha` (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name of the teacher/commander))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (Droṇa) (pierced, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada). Reduplicated form of `vyadh`.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - by twenty (arrows) (by twenty)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of viṃśati

viṁśati - twenty

सर्वपारशवैः (sarvapāraśavaiḥ) - by arrows made entirely of iron (by all-iron (arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarvapāraśava

sarvapāraśava - made entirely of iron, all-iron

Compound of `sarva` (all) and `pāraśava` (made of iron).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+pāraśava)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• pāraśava – made of iron, iron-tipped, belonging to Paraśu
  adjective (masculine)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

From root `śṛ` (to break).

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of `vivyādha`.