महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-97, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
आर्जुनिं समरे शूरं विनिघ्नन्तं महारथम् ।
अलम्बुसः कथं युद्धे प्रत्ययुध्यत संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
ārjuniṁ samare śūraṁ vinighnantaṁ mahāratham ,
alambusaḥ kathaṁ yuddhe pratyayudhyata saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca ārjunim samare śūram vinighnantam
mahāratham alambusaḥ katham yuddhe pratyayudhyata saṃjaya

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya katham alambusaḥ yuddhe samare
śūram vinighnantam mahāratham ārjunim pratyayudhyata

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "O Sañjaya, how did Alambusa fight in battle against Arjuna's son (ārjuni), who was a heroic, great charioteer, slaying (enemies) in combat?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the blind king) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• आर्जुनिम् (ārjunim) - Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna (son of Arjuna, Abhimanyu)

• समरे (samare) - in the combat (in battle, in combat)

• शूरम् (śūram) - a heroic warrior (heroic, brave, a hero)

• विनिघ्नन्तम् (vinighnantam) - slaying (the enemy) (slaying, striking down, killing)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - a great charioteer (great charioteer, warrior fighting from a great chariot)

• अलम्बुसः (alambusaḥ) - Alambusa (a rākṣasa warrior) (Alambusa)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• प्रत्ययुध्यत (pratyayudhyata) - fought back against (fought back, resisted, contended against)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (O Sañjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the blind king) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name, lit. 'he who holds the kingdom')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

आर्जुनिम् (ārjunim) - Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna (son of Arjuna, Abhimanyu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārjuni

ārjuni - son of Arjuna

Patronymic from Arjuna

Note: Object of pratyayudhyata

समरे (samare) - in the combat (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Location of the action

शूरम् (śūram) - a heroic warrior (heroic, brave, a hero)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave, powerful

Note: Adjective modifying ārjunim

विनिघ्नन्तम् (vinighnantam) - slaying (the enemy) (slaying, striking down, killing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinighnat

vinighnat - slaying, striking down

Present Active Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix vi and ni

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying ārjunim

महारथम् (mahāratham) - a great charioteer (great charioteer, warrior fighting from a great chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, warrior fighting from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to ārjunim

अलम्बुसः (alambusaḥ) - Alambusa (a rākṣasa warrior) (Alambusa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alambusa

alambusa - Alambusa (name of a Rākṣasa)

Note: Subject of pratyayudhyata

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Location of the action

प्रत्ययुध्यत (pratyayudhyata) - fought back against (fought back, resisted, contended against)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pratyayudh

Root yudh with prefixes prati and a

Prefixes: prati+a

Root: yudh (class 4)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (O Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator of the battle)

Note: Addressee