महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-97, verse-38

प्रत्युद्गम्याथ विव्याध सात्यकिस्तं शितैः शरैः ।
पाण्डवप्रियकामार्थं शार्दूल इव कुञ्जरम् ॥३८॥

38. pratyudgamyātha vivyādha sātyakistaṁ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
pāṇḍavapriyakāmārthaṁ śārdūla iva kuñjaram.

38. pratyudgamya atha vivyādha sātyakiḥ tam śitaiḥ
śaraiḥ pāṇḍavapriyakāmārtham śārdūlaḥ iva kuñjaram

38. atha sātyakiḥ pratyudgamya tam śitaiḥ śaraiḥ
vivyādha śārdūlaḥ iva kuñjaram pāṇḍavapriyakāmārtham

38. Then Sātyaki, advancing to meet him, pierced him with sharp arrows, like a tiger attacking an elephant, for the sake of pleasing the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्युद्गम्य (pratyudgamya) - having gone forth to meet

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he struck

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Kṛpācārya) (him, that)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with keen

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• पाण्डवप्रियकामार्थम् (pāṇḍavapriyakāmārtham) - for the sake of pleasing the Pāṇḍavas

• शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - tiger

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - an elephant

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्युद्गम्य (pratyudgamya) - having gone forth to meet

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

form of the root gam with prefixes prati- and ud-, and suffix -ya

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: gam (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vivyādh

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of root vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (a proper name, a Yādava warrior)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Kṛpācārya) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharpened, sharp, keen, swift

Past Passive Participle

From root śo- (to sharpen, whet)

Root: śo (class 4)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

पाण्डवप्रियकामार्थम् (pāṇḍavapriyakāmārtham) - for the sake of pleasing the Pāṇḍavas

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍava+priya+kāma+artha)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas
  noun (masculine)
  patronymic from Pāṇḍu
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - tiger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - an elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant