महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-97, verse-22

ततस्ते तमसा सर्वे हृता ह्यासन्महीतले ।
नाभिमन्युमपश्यन्त नैव स्वान्न परान्रणे ॥२२॥

22. tataste tamasā sarve hṛtā hyāsanmahītale ,
nābhimanyumapaśyanta naiva svānna parānraṇe.

22. tataḥ te tamasā sarve hṛtāḥ hi āsan mahītale na
abhimanyuṃ apaśyanta na eva svān na parān raṇe

22. tataḥ sarve te tamasā hṛtāḥ hi mahītale āsan raṇe
abhimanyum na apaśyanta eva na svān na parān

22. Then, indeed, all of them were overcome by darkness (tamas) on the surface of the earth. They could not see Abhimanyu, nor their own forces, nor the enemies in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• ते (te) - they, those

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by ignorance, by gloom

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• हृताः (hṛtāḥ) - carried away, seized, overwhelmed, taken away

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• आसन् (āsan) - they were

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिमन्युम् (abhimanyum) - Abhimanyu (proper noun)

• अपश्यन्त (apaśyanta) - they saw

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - even, only, just, indeed

• स्वान् (svān) - their own (men/forces)

• न (na) - not, nor

• परान् (parān) - others, enemies, foes

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject for 'āsan' and 'apaśyanta'.

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by ignorance, by gloom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance (tamas)

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Means by which they were carried away.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

हृताः (hṛtāḥ) - carried away, seized, overwhelmed, taken away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛta

hṛta - carried away, seized, overwhelmed, taken away

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hṛ' (to carry, seize) with suffix -kta.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective with 'āsan'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of as

Past Imperfect

Irregular imperfect form.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb with 'hṛtāḥ'.

महीतले (mahītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plain, ground
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where they were.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'apaśyanta'.

अभिमन्युम् (abhimanyum) - Abhimanyu (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - Abhimanyu (name of a warrior)

Prefix: abhi

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'apaśyanta'.

अपश्यन्त (apaśyanta) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of dṛś

Past Imperfect

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see), with 'paśya' stem in present, 3rd person plural imperfect form. 'a-' is the augment for imperfect.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb. With 'na', it means 'they did not see'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'eva' for emphasis (neither...nor).

एव (eva) - even, only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

स्वान् (svān) - their own (men/forces)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own, kinsmen, one's own people

Note: Object of 'apaśyanta'.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

परान् (parān) - others, enemies, foes

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, foe

Note: Object of 'apaśyanta'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Location of seeing/not seeing.