महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-97, verse-21

विमुखं च ततो रक्षो वध्यमानं रणेऽरिणा ।
प्रादुश्चक्रे महामायां तामसीं परतापनः ॥२१॥

21. vimukhaṁ ca tato rakṣo vadhyamānaṁ raṇe'riṇā ,
prāduścakre mahāmāyāṁ tāmasīṁ paratāpanaḥ.

21. vimukham ca tataḥ rakṣaḥ vadhyamānam raṇe ariṇā
prāduḥ cakre mahāmāyām tāmasīm paratāpanaḥ

21. tataḥ ariṇā raṇe vadhyamānam vimukham ca rakṣaḥ
paratāpanaḥ tāmasīm mahāmāyām prāduḥ cakre

21. Then, the demon, who was facing away and being struck in battle by the enemy, the tormentor of foes, manifested a great, dark illusion (māyā).

Words meanings summery:

• विमुखम् (vimukham) - facing away, averted, turned back

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon, Rakshasa

• वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being struck, being killed, being slain

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat, in war

• अरिणा (ariṇā) - by the enemy, by the foe

• प्रादुः (prāduḥ) - manifestation, appearance, becoming visible

• चक्रे (cakre) - he manifested (he made, he did, he performed)

• महामायाम् (mahāmāyām) - a great illusion, a grand delusion

• तामसीम् (tāmasīm) - dark, illusory, pertaining to tamas, producing darkness

• परतापनः (paratāpanaḥ) - tormentor of enemies, one who causes suffering to others

Words meanings and morphology

विमुखम् (vimukham) - facing away, averted, turned back

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vimukha

vimukha - facing away, averted, turned back

Note: Describes the state of the demon ('rakṣaḥ').

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon, Rakshasa

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, Rakshasa

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'prāduḥ cakre'.

वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being struck, being killed, being slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being struck, being killed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vadh' (to strike, kill) with suffix -yamāna.

Root: vadh

Note: Qualifies 'rakṣaḥ' (referring to the demon's state, despite grammatical accusative with nominative subject, common in epic style).

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Location of the action of being struck.

अरिणा (ariṇā) - by the enemy, by the foe

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ari

ari - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Agent of 'vadhyamānam'.

प्रादुः (prāduḥ) - manifestation, appearance, becoming visible

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a compound verb with 'cakre'.

चक्रे (cakre) - he manifested (he made, he did, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Past Perfect (Lit)

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb for 'rakṣaḥ'.

महामायाम् (mahāmāyām) - a great illusion, a grand delusion

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāmāyā

mahāmāyā - great illusion, grand delusion, great supernatural power (māyā)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+māyā)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• māyā – illusion, magic, cosmic illusion, supernatural power (māyā)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mā

तामसीम् (tāmasīm) - dark, illusory, pertaining to tamas, producing darkness

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tāmasī

tāmasī - dark, illusory, pertaining to tamas, producing darkness

Feminine form of tāmasa, derived from tamas (darkness, ignorance).

Note: Qualifies 'mahāmāyām'.

परतापनः (paratāpanaḥ) - tormentor of enemies, one who causes suffering to others

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paratāpana

paratāpana - tormentor of enemies, one who causes suffering to others

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tāpana)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  noun (masculine)
• tāpana – one who causes heat/pain, tormentor
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, torment) with suffix 'ana'.
  Root: tap (class 1)