महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-97, verse-54

विव्याध च पृषत्केन सुतीक्ष्णेन महामृधे ।
परीप्सन्स्वसुतं राजन्वार्ष्णेयेनाभितापितम् ॥५४॥

54. vivyādha ca pṛṣatkena sutīkṣṇena mahāmṛdhe ,
parīpsansvasutaṁ rājanvārṣṇeyenābhitāpitam.

54. vivyādha ca pṛṣatkena sutīkṣṇena mahāmṛdhe
parīpsan svasutam rājan vārṣṇeyena abhitāpitam

54. ca rājan mahāmṛdhe sutīkṣṇena pṛṣatkena vivyādha
vārṣṇeyena abhitāpitam svasutam parīpsan

54. And he (Droṇa) pierced him (Sātyaki) with a very sharp arrow in the great battle, O King, desiring to protect his own son (Aśvatthāmā) who was tormented by the Vārṣṇeya (Sātyaki).

Words meanings summery:

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (Sātyaki) (pierced, struck)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पृषत्केन (pṛṣatkena) - by an arrow

• सुतीक्ष्णेन (sutīkṣṇena) - by a very sharp (arrow) (by a very sharp (one))

• महामृधे (mahāmṛdhe) - in the great battle

• परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - desiring to protect (his son) (desiring to protect, wishing to save)

• स्वसुतम् (svasutam) - his own son (Aśvatthāmā) (his own son)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King! (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King!)

• वार्ष्णेयेन (vārṣṇeyena) - by Sātyaki (by a descendant of Vṛṣṇi (Sātyaki))

• अभितापितम् (abhitāpitam) - tormented (by Sātyaki) (tormented, afflicted, distressed)

Words meanings and morphology

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (Sātyaki) (pierced, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada). Reduplicated form of `vyadh`.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पृषत्केन (pṛṣatkena) - by an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - arrow

Note: Instrument of `vivyādha`.

सुतीक्ष्णेन (sutīkṣṇena) - by a very sharp (arrow) (by a very sharp (one))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sutīkṣṇa

sutīkṣṇa - very sharp, exceedingly keen

Compound of `su` (good, very) and `tīkṣṇa` (sharp).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+tīkṣṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, pungent
  adjective
  Root: tij (class 2)

महामृधे (mahāmṛdhe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāmṛdha

mahāmṛdha - great battle, great conflict

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `mṛdha` (battle).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mṛdha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• mṛdha – battle, combat, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Root: mṛdh (class 1)

Note: Denotes location of the action.

परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - desiring to protect (his son) (desiring to protect, wishing to save)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pari-āp

pari-āp - to protect, guard, save, desire to obtain

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Formed from desiderative stem of `pari-āp` (root `āp` with prefix `pari`), with `śatṛ` suffix. Agrees with implied subject (Droṇa).

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

स्वसुतम् (svasutam) - his own son (Aśvatthāmā) (his own son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svasuta

svasuta - own son

Compound of `sva` (own) and `suta` (son).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+suta)

• sva – own, self
  adjective
• suta – son, born
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `sū` (to give birth).
  Root: sū (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O King! (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

वार्ष्णेयेन (vārṣṇeyena) - by Sātyaki (by a descendant of Vṛṣṇi (Sātyaki))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi (a patronymic, often refers to Kṛṣṇa or Sātyaki)

Patronymic derived from `vṛṣṇi`.

अभितापितम् (abhitāpitam) - tormented (by Sātyaki) (tormented, afflicted, distressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhitāpita

abhitāpita - tormented, distressed, heated, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From root `tap` (to heat, torment) with prefix `abhi` and `ita` suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: tap (class 1)