महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-78, verse-56

हताश्वात्तु रथात्तूर्णं वृषकस्य रथं ययौ ।
स्यालस्य ते महाराज तव पुत्रस्य पश्यतः ॥५६॥

56. hatāśvāttu rathāttūrṇaṁ vṛṣakasya rathaṁ yayau ,
syālasya te mahārāja tava putrasya paśyataḥ.

56. hatāśvāt tu rathāt tūrṇam vṛṣakasya ratham yayau
syālasya te mahārāja tava putrasya paśyataḥ

56. mahārāja tu hatāśvāt rathāt tūrṇam te syālasya
tava putrasya paśyataḥ vṛṣakasya ratham yayau

56. From that chariot with its horses slain, he quickly went to the chariot of Vṛṣaka, O great king, while your son, his brother-in-law, watched.

Words meanings summery:

• हताश्वात् (hatāśvāt) - from the chariot whose horses were killed (from the one whose horses are killed, from the horse-slain)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• वृषकस्य (vṛṣakasya) - of Vṛṣaka

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot (accusative singular)

• ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

• स्यालस्य (syālasya) - of the brother-in-law (referring to Duryodhana's brother-in-law, Jayadratha, whose son Vṛṣaka is mentioned) (of the brother-in-law)

• ते (te) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the listener, as 'mahārāja') (your (genitive singular))

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the listener) (your (genitive singular))

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana) (of the son)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while (your son Duryodhana) watched (of the seeing one, while seeing)

Words meanings and morphology

हताश्वात् (hatāśvāt) - from the chariot whose horses were killed (from the one whose horses are killed, from the horse-slain)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - whose horses are killed, having killed horses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, slain, struck
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rathāt'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'tvar' (to hasten). Used here as an adverb.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

वृषकस्य (vṛṣakasya) - of Vṛṣaka

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛṣaka

vṛṣaka - Vṛṣaka (a proper name); a bullock, a young bull

रथम् (ratham) - chariot (accusative singular)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Perfect

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, root 'yā' (class 2)

Root: yā (class 2)

स्यालस्य (syālasya) - of the brother-in-law (referring to Duryodhana's brother-in-law, Jayadratha, whose son Vṛṣaka is mentioned) (of the brother-in-law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of syāla

syāla - wife's brother, brother-in-law

ते (te) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the listener, as 'mahārāja') (your (genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the listener) (your (genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana) (of the son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while (your son Duryodhana) watched (of the seeing one, while seeing)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, watching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see), with present stem 'paśya'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'putrasya'.