महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-78, verse-18

स हताश्वादवप्लुत्य स्यन्दनाद्धतसारथिः ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं शङ्खस्य रथिनां वरः ॥१८॥

18. sa hatāśvādavaplutya syandanāddhatasārathiḥ ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ śaṅkhasya rathināṁ varaḥ.

18. saḥ hatāśvāt avaplutya syandanāt hatasārathiḥ
ārūroha ratham tūrṇaṃ śaṅkhasya rathinām varaḥ

18. saḥ hatasārathiḥ hatāśvāt syandanāt avaplutya
rathinām varaḥ śaṅkhasya ratham tūrṇaṃ ārūroha

18. He, whose horses were killed and whose charioteer was slain, quickly jumped down from his chariot and climbed onto the chariot of Shankha, the best among charioteers.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the warrior whose chariot was attacked) (he, that)

• हताश्वात् (hatāśvāt) - from his chariot, whose horses had been killed (from a chariot with killed horses)

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having quickly jumped down (having jumped down)

• स्यन्दनात् (syandanāt) - from his chariot (from a chariot)

• हतसारथिः (hatasārathiḥ) - whose charioteer was slain (having a killed charioteer, whose charioteer was killed)

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - climbed onto (the chariot) (climbed, ascended)

• रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (of Shankha) (chariot)

• तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• शङ्खस्य (śaṅkhasya) - of Shankha (a proper name, son of Virata) (of Shankha)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (among charioteers) (best, excellent, boon, suitor)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the warrior whose chariot was attacked) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the warrior who was on the damaged chariot.

हताश्वात् (hatāśvāt) - from his chariot, whose horses had been killed (from a chariot with killed horses)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - having killed horses, (a chariot) whose horses are killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies syandanāt (chariot).

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having quickly jumped down (having jumped down)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √plu with prefix ava- and suffix -tya

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb ārūroha.

स्यन्दनात् (syandanāt) - from his chariot (from a chariot)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of syandana

syandana - chariot, flowing

Note: The source from which the warrior jumped.

हतसारथिः (hatasārathiḥ) - whose charioteer was slain (having a killed charioteer, whose charioteer was killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatasārathi

hatasārathi - having a killed charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+sārathi)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - climbed onto (the chariot) (climbed, ascended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ruh

Perfect, 3rd person singular

From root √ruh with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (of Shankha) (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Object of ārūroha.

तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying avaplutya and ārūroha.

शङ्खस्य (śaṅkhasya) - of Shankha (a proper name, son of Virata) (of Shankha)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch, Shankha (proper name)

Note: Possessive, indicating whose chariot.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

Note: Genitive of comparison/group.

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (among charioteers) (best, excellent, boon, suitor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, a boon, a suitor

Note: Refers to Shankha.