महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-78, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तथा प्रवृत्ते संग्रामे निवृत्ते च सुशर्मणि ।
प्रभग्नेषु च वीरेषु पाण्डवेन महात्मना ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tathā pravṛtte saṁgrāme nivṛtte ca suśarmaṇi ,
prabhagneṣu ca vīreṣu pāṇḍavena mahātmanā.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tathā pravṛtte saṅgrāme nivṛtte ca
suśarmaṇi prabhagneṣu ca vīreṣu pāṇḍavena mahātmanā

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tathā saṅgrāme pravṛtte ca suśarmaṇi
nivṛtte ca pāṇḍavena mahātmanā vīreṣu prabhagneṣu

1. Sañjaya said: When the battle was thus engaged, and Suśarman had retreated, and the heroes were defeated by the great-souled Pāṇḍava (Arjuna)...

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya, the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Sanjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it (the battle) had begun (having begun, being engaged, proceeded)

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in conflict

• निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - when he (Suśarman) had retreated (having retreated, turned back, ceased)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुशर्मणि (suśarmaṇi) - Suśarman

• प्रभग्नेषु (prabhagneṣu) - when they (the heroes) were defeated (broken, defeated, shattered)

• च (ca) - and, also

• वीरेषु (vīreṣu) - among the heroes, among the warriors

• पाण्डवेन (pāṇḍavena) - by Arjuna (by the Pāṇḍava, by Arjuna)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled, by the noble

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya, the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya, a proper name, son of Gavalgaṇa, charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular active, reduplicated perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it (the battle) had begun (having begun, being engaged, proceeded)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, started, engaged, proceeded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saṅgrāme'

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict

निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - when he (Suśarman) had retreated (having retreated, turned back, ceased)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, retreated, ceased, refrained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni-vṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'suśarmaṇi'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुशर्मणि (suśarmaṇi) - Suśarman

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of suśarman

suśarman - Suśarman, a proper name, King of Trigarta

प्रभग्नेषु (prabhagneṣu) - when they (the heroes) were defeated (broken, defeated, shattered)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, defeated, shattered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-bhañj

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'vīreṣu'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वीरेषु (vīreṣu) - among the heroes, among the warriors

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

पाण्डवेन (pāṇḍavena) - by Arjuna (by the Pāṇḍava, by Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Arjuna

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled, by the noble

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavena'