महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-78, verse-16

द्रोणं त्रिभिः प्रविव्याध चतुर्भिश्चास्य वाजिनः ।
ध्वजमेकेन विव्याध सारथिं चास्य पञ्चभिः ।
धनुरेकेषुणाविध्यत्तत्राक्रुध्यद्द्विजर्षभः ॥१६॥

16. droṇaṁ tribhiḥ pravivyādha caturbhiścāsya vājinaḥ ,
dhvajamekena vivyādha sārathiṁ cāsya pañcabhiḥ ,
dhanurekeṣuṇāvidhyattatrākrudhyaddvijarṣabhaḥ.

16. droṇam tribhiḥ pravivyādha caturbhiḥ ca
asya vājinaḥ dhvajam ekena vivyādha
sārathim ca asya pañcabhiḥ dhanuḥ ekeṣuṇā
avidhyat tatra akrudhyat dvijarṣabhaḥ

16. (virāṭaḥ) tribhiḥ (śaraiḥ) droṇam pravivyādha; ca asya vājinaḥ
caturbhiḥ (śaraiḥ) (pravivyādha); (asya) dhvajam ekena (śareṇa)
vivyādha; ca asya sārathim pañcabhiḥ (śaraiḥ) (pravivyādha); ekeṣuṇā
(asya) dhanuḥ avidhyat; tatra dvijarṣabhaḥ (droṇaḥ) akrudhyat

16. (Virāṭa) pierced Droṇa with three arrows, and his horses with four. He struck Droṇa's banner with one arrow and his charioteer with five. With a single arrow, he also pierced Droṇa's bow. At that, the best of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas), Droṇa, became enraged.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - The warrior Droṇācārya. (Droṇa (name of the teacher))

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three (arrows) (with three)

• प्रविव्याध (pravivyādha) - deeply pierced, strongly struck

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four (arrows) (with four)

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - Droṇa's (his, its)

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - Droṇa's horses. (horses)

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - Droṇa's banner. (banner, flag)

• एकेन (ekena) - with a single (arrow) (with one, with a single)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - Droṇa's charioteer. (charioteer)

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - Droṇa's (his, its)

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (arrows) (with five)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - Droṇa's bow. (bow)

• एकेषुणा (ekeṣuṇā) - with one arrow, with a single arrow

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

• तत्र (tatra) - At that point, then (referring to the previous action). (there, then, in that case)

• अक्रुध्यत् (akrudhyat) - became angry, was enraged

• द्विजर्षभः (dvijarṣabhaḥ) - Droṇa (as a brāhmaṇa and a warrior). (bull among the twice-born; best of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas))

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - The warrior Droṇācārya. (Droṇa (name of the teacher))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher and warrior in Mahabharata)

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three (arrows) (with three)

(numeral)

प्रविव्याध (pravivyādha) - deeply pierced, strongly struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vyadh

Reduplicated Perfect

Root vyadh (to pierce) with prefix pra. 3rd person singular active.

Prefix: pra

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Main verb.

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four (arrows) (with four)

(numeral)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - Droṇa's (his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - Droṇa's horses. (horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - strong, swift, spirited; a horse, steed

From vāja (strength, speed) + in suffix.

Note: Object of implied pravivyādha.

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - Droṇa's banner. (banner, flag)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard, sign

एकेन (ekena) - with a single (arrow) (with one, with a single)

(numeral)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vyadh

Reduplicated Perfect

Reduplicated form of the root vyadh (to pierce).

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Another main verb.

सारथिम् (sārathim) - Droṇa's charioteer. (charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver, guide

Root: sṛ

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - Droṇa's (his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (arrows) (with five)

(numeral)

Note: Form pañcan is a cardinal number, which has the same form for all genders in instrumental plural.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - Droṇa's bow. (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

एकेषुणा (ekeṣuṇā) - with one arrow, with a single arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekeṣu

ekeṣu - a single arrow

Compound of eka (one) and iṣu (arrow).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+iṣu)

• eka – one, a single
  numeral (masculine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of vyadh

Imperfect

Imperfect active 3rd person singular of root vyadh (class 4).

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Main verb.

तत्र (tatra) - At that point, then (referring to the previous action). (there, then, in that case)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + -tra (locative suffix).

अक्रुध्यत् (akrudhyat) - became angry, was enraged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of krudh

Imperfect

Imperfect active 3rd person singular of root krudh (class 4).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Main verb.

द्विजर्षभः (dvijarṣabhaḥ) - Droṇa (as a brāhmaṇa and a warrior). (bull among the twice-born; best of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - bull among the twice-born; best of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas); excellent brāhmaṇa.

From dvija (twice-born) + ṛṣabha (bull, excellent one).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya; also bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi (two) + jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, excellent one, best
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣabh

Note: Subject of akrudhyat.