महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-78, verse-12

तथा शांतनवं भीष्मं श्वेताश्वं श्वेतकार्मुकम् ।
न शेकुः पाण्डवा द्रष्टुं श्वेतग्रहमिवोदितम् ॥१२॥

12. tathā śāṁtanavaṁ bhīṣmaṁ śvetāśvaṁ śvetakārmukam ,
na śekuḥ pāṇḍavā draṣṭuṁ śvetagrahamivoditam.

12. tathā Śāntanavam Bhīṣmam śvetāśvam śvetakārmukam
na śekuḥ Pāṇḍavāḥ draṣṭum śvetagraham iva uditam

12. tathā Pāṇḍavāḥ śvetāśvam śvetakārmukam uditam
śvetagraham iva Śāntanavam Bhīṣmam draṣṭum na śekuḥ

12. Similarly, the Pāṇḍavas were unable to behold Bhīṣma (Śāntanava), who had white horses and a white bow, appearing like a risen white planet.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in the same way, similarly)

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhīṣma, the son of Śantanu (Bhīṣma, son of Śantanu)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (the terrible))

• श्वेताश्वम् (śvetāśvam) - who had white horses (having white horses)

• श्वेतकार्मुकम् (śvetakārmukam) - who had a white bow (having a white bow)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - were able (they were able)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍavas, descendants of Pāṇḍu)

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to behold (to see, to behold)

• श्वेतग्रहम् (śvetagraham) - a white planet (white planet)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• उदितम् (uditam) - risen (risen, appeared)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in the same way, similarly)

(indeclinable)

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhīṣma, the son of Śantanu (Bhīṣma, son of Śantanu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Śāntanava

Śāntanava - descendant of Śantanu, Bhīṣma

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (the terrible))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Bhīṣma

Bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name), formidable, terrible

श्वेताश्वम् (śvetāśvam) - who had white horses (having white horses)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvetāśva

śvetāśva - having white horses

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śveta+aśva)

• śveta – white
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'Bhīṣmam'.

श्वेतकार्मुकम् (śvetakārmukam) - who had a white bow (having a white bow)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvetakārmuka

śvetakārmuka - having a white bow

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śveta+kārmuka)

• śveta – white
  adjective
• kārmuka – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'Bhīṣmam'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - were able (they were able)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍavas, descendants of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of Pāṇḍava

Pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to behold (to see, to behold)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix 'tumun'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

श्वेतग्रहम् (śvetagraham) - a white planet (white planet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvetagraha

śvetagraha - a white planet (e.g., Venus)

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (śveta+graha)

• śveta – white
  adjective
• graha – planet, seizing, grasping
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

उदितम् (uditam) - risen (risen, appeared)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udita

udita - risen, appeared, uttered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ud' (up).

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'śvetagraham'.