महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-78, verse-41

तत्तथा पीडितं तेन माधवेन महात्मना ।
प्रदुद्राव भयाद्रक्षो हित्वा सात्यकिमाहवे ॥४१॥

41. tattathā pīḍitaṁ tena mādhavena mahātmanā ,
pradudrāva bhayādrakṣo hitvā sātyakimāhave.

41. tat tathā pīḍitam tena mādhāvena mahātmanā
pradudrāva bhayāt rakṣaḥ hitvā sātyakim āhave

41. tena mahātmanā mādhāvena tat tathā pīḍitam
rakṣaḥ bhayāt sātyakim āhave hitvā pradudrāva

41. That demon, thus tormented by that great-souled Mādhava, fled out of fear, abandoning Sātyaki in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - tormented, afflicted, distressed

• तेन (tena) - by that

• माधावेन (mādhāvena) - by Mādhava (Krishna)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

• प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - fled, ran away

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, leaving behind

• सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Sātyaki

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - tormented, afflicted, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - tormented, afflicted, distressed

Past Passive Participle

from root pīḍ (to oppress, torment)

Root: pīḍ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rakṣaḥ' (neuter nominative singular).

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'mādhavena' and 'mahātmanā'.

माधावेन (mādhāvena) - by Mādhava (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, Krishna, Vishnu

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'mādhavena'.

प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect active, 3rd person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, monster

Note: The subject of 'pradudrāva'.

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, leaving behind

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root hā, with -tvā suffix

Root: hā (class 3)

सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - name of a Yadava warrior, Krishna's charioteer

Note: Object of 'hitvā'.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, war