महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-78, verse-38

तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम शैनेयस्य पराक्रमम् ।
नासंभ्रमद्यत्समरे वध्यमानः शितैः शरैः ॥३८॥

38. tatrādbhutamapaśyāma śaineyasya parākramam ,
nāsaṁbhramadyatsamare vadhyamānaḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

38. tatra adbhutam apaśyāma śaineyasya parākramam na
asambhramat yat samare vadhyamānaḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ

38. tatra adbhutam śaineyasya parākramam apaśyāma.
yat samare śitaiḥ śaraiḥ vadhyamānaḥ [saḥ] na asambhramat.

38. In that situation, we witnessed the astonishing prowess of Śaineya, for he did not lose his composure in battle even while being wounded by sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that situation

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, amazing, miraculous

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw, we beheld

• शैनेयस्य (śaineyasya) - of Śaineya, of Sātyaki

• पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - prowess, valor, might, courage

• न (na) - not, no

• असम्भ्रमत् (asambhramat) - he did not lose composure, he was not bewildered, he did not falter

• यत् (yat) - that, because, which

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being struck, being wounded, being killed

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that situation

(indeclinable)

derived from 'tad' (that) with -tra suffix.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, amazing, miraculous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, amazing, miraculous, surprising

Root: bhū

Note: Modifies 'parākramam'.

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw, we beheld

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

Root 'dṛś' (1st class) with 'a-' augment for imperfect. The stem 'paśya' is used in present/imperfect tenses.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शैनेयस्य (śaineyasya) - of Śaineya, of Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - descendant of Śini (epithet for Sātyaki)

patronymic from Śini

पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - prowess, valor, might, courage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - prowess, valor, might, courage, heroic effort

from 'parā' (forth, beyond) + 'kram' (to step, to go).

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

असम्भ्रमत् (asambhramat) - he did not lose composure, he was not bewildered, he did not falter

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of saṃbhram

Imperfect Active

Root 'bhram' (1st class) with upasarga 'sam', and 'a-' augment for imperfect; negated by 'na'.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

यत् (yat) - that, because, which

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions here as a subordinating conjunction.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Root: mṛ

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being struck, being wounded, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadh

vadh - to strike, to wound, to kill

Present Passive Participle

Root 'vadh' (1st class) with 'yamāna' suffix, indicating passive and present continuous action.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, keen, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śo' (to sharpen) or 'śi' (to sharpen).

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

From root 'śṛ' (to injure, break)

Root: śṛ