महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-78, verse-53

तैरर्द्यमानोऽतिरथः सात्वतः शस्त्रकोविदः ।
नाकम्पत महाराज भीमं चार्छच्छितैः शरैः ॥५३॥

53. tairardyamāno'tirathaḥ sātvataḥ śastrakovidaḥ ,
nākampata mahārāja bhīmaṁ cārchacchitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

53. taiḥ ardyamānaḥ atirathaḥ sātvataḥ śastrakovidaḥ na
akampata mahārāja bhīmam ca ārcchat śitaiḥ śaraiḥ

53. mahārāja taiḥ ardyamānaḥ atirathaḥ śastrakovidaḥ
sātvataḥ na akampata ca bhīmam śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ārcchat

53. Though greatly oppressed by them, the expert charioteer Sātvata, skilled in weapons, did not waver, O great king, and he struck Bhīma with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• अर्द्यमानः (ardyamānaḥ) - being oppressed, being tormented

• अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - great charioteer, foremost warrior

• सात्वतः (sātvataḥ) - Sātvata (referring to a specific warrior in the Mahābhārata context, likely Kṛtavarman here) (Sātvata (name of a warrior, usually Kṛtavarman or Yuyudhāna))

• शस्त्रकोविदः (śastrakovidaḥ) - skilled in weapons, expert in arms

• न (na) - not, no

• अकम्पत (akampata) - he did not tremble, he did not waver

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma, one of the five Pāṇḍava brothers (Bhīma (name of a Pāṇḍava prince))

• च (ca) - and, also

• आर्च्छत् (ārcchat) - he struck, he hit

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अर्द्यमानः (ardyamānaḥ) - being oppressed, being tormented

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ardyamāna

ardyamāna - being oppressed, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ṛd' (to torment, to oppress) with the suffix '-yamāna'.

Root: ṛd (class 1)

अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - great charioteer, foremost warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - great charioteer, foremost warrior

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ati+ratha)

• ati – beyond, excessive, great
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

सात्वतः (sātvataḥ) - Sātvata (referring to a specific warrior in the Mahābhārata context, likely Kṛtavarman here) (Sātvata (name of a warrior, usually Kṛtavarman or Yuyudhāna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - a descendant of Satvata; a warrior from the Sātvata clan (e.g., Kṛtavarman, Yuyudhāna); belonging to the Sātvata clan

शस्त्रकोविदः (śastrakovidaḥ) - skilled in weapons, expert in arms

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śastrakovida

śastrakovida - skilled in weapons, expert in arms

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śastra+kovida)

• śastra – weapon, arm, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas (class 2)
• kovida – skilled, expert, clever
  adjective (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अकम्पत (akampata) - he did not tremble, he did not waver

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kamp

Imperfect

3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, root 'kamp' (class 1)

Root: kamp (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma, one of the five Pāṇḍava brothers (Bhīma (name of a Pāṇḍava prince))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; name of Bhīma, a Pāṇḍava prince

Root: bhī (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आर्च्छत् (ārcchat) - he struck, he hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ṛcch

Imperfect

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, root 'ṛcch' (class 6)

Root: ṛcch (class 6)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śo/śā' (to sharpen, to whet).

Root: śo/śā (class 4)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow; reed; water

Root: śṛ (class 9)