महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-6, chapter-24, verse-3
क्लैब्यं मा स्म गमः पार्थ नैतत्त्वय्युपपद्यते ।
क्षुद्रं हृदयदौर्बल्यं त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ परंतप ॥३॥
क्षुद्रं हृदयदौर्बल्यं त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ परंतप ॥३॥
3. klaibyaṁ mā sma gamaḥ pārtha naitattvayyupapadyate ,
kṣudraṁ hṛdayadaurbalyaṁ tyaktvottiṣṭha paraṁtapa.
kṣudraṁ hṛdayadaurbalyaṁ tyaktvottiṣṭha paraṁtapa.
3.
klaibyam mā sma gamaḥ pārtha na etat tvayi upapadyate
kṣudram hṛdayadaurbalyam tyaktvā uttiṣṭha paraṃtapa
kṣudram hṛdayadaurbalyam tyaktvā uttiṣṭha paraṃtapa
3.
pārtha,
klaibyam mā sma gamaḥ; etat tvayi na upapadyate.
paraṃtapa,
kṣudram hṛdayadaurbalyam tyaktvā uttiṣṭha.
klaibyam mā sma gamaḥ; etat tvayi na upapadyate.
paraṃtapa,
kṣudram hṛdayadaurbalyam tyaktvā uttiṣṭha.
3.
O son of Pṛthā (Arjuna), do not yield to unmanliness; this is not fitting for you. Giving up this petty weakness of heart, arise, O scorcher of foes (Arjuna)!
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्लैब्यम् (klaibyam) - unmanliness (impotence, unmanliness, weakness)
- मा (mā) - do not (do not (prohibitive particle))
- स्म (sma) - (emphasizing prohibition) (an emphasizing particle, sometimes indicates past tense with present verbs, here emphasizes prohibition)
- गमः (gamaḥ) - you yield (to it) (you go, you yield (aorist form))
- पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)
- न (na) - not
- एतत् (etat) - this (unmanliness) (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))
- त्वयि (tvayi) - in you (in you, with you)
- उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is fitting (is fitting, is proper, occurs)
- क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - petty (trivial, petty, mean, small)
- हृदयदौर्बल्यम् (hṛdayadaurbalyam) - weakness of heart (weakness of heart, faint-heartedness)
- त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - giving up, having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)
- उत्तिष्ठ (uttiṣṭha) - arise, stand up (stand up, arise)
- परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (Arjuna) (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)
Words meanings and morphology
क्लैब्यम् (klaibyam) - unmanliness (impotence, unmanliness, weakness)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of klaibya
klaibya - impotence, unmanliness, weakness
From klība (impotent, eunuch) + suffix -ya
Root: klīb
Note: Object of 'gamah'.
मा (mā) - do not (do not (prohibitive particle))
(indeclinable)
Used with the aorist to express prohibition
Note: Used with 'sma' and aorist 'gamah'.
स्म (sma) - (emphasizing prohibition) (an emphasizing particle, sometimes indicates past tense with present verbs, here emphasizes prohibition)
(indeclinable)
गमः (gamaḥ) - you yield (to it) (you go, you yield (aorist form))
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of gam
Aorist 2nd person singular
Injunctive aorist form of root gam (to go/yield), used with mā for prohibition
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Used in a prohibitive sense with 'mā sma'.
पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha
pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna
Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) + aṇ-suffix
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
एतत् (etat) - this (unmanliness) (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, that
Note: Refers to 'klaibyam'.
त्वयि (tvayi) - in you (in you, with you)
(pronoun)
Locative, singular of yusmad
yusmad - you
उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is fitting (is fitting, is proper, occurs)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upapad
Present 3rd person singular
Present tense, ātmanepada, of root pad (to go) with prefix upa
Prefix: upa
Root: pad (class 4)
क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - petty (trivial, petty, mean, small)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣudra
kṣudra - small, petty, mean, insignificant
Root: kṣud
हृदयदौर्बल्यम् (hṛdayadaurbalyam) - weakness of heart (weakness of heart, faint-heartedness)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of hṛdayadaurbalya
hṛdayadaurbalya - weakness of heart, faintheartedness
Compound: hṛdaya (heart) + daurbalya (weakness)
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (hṛdaya+daurbalya)
- hṛdaya – heart, mind
noun (neuter)
Root: hṛ (class 1) - daurbalya – weakness, feebleness
noun (neuter)
From durbala (weak) + suffix -ya
Prefix: dur
Root: bal
त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - giving up, having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)
(indeclinable)
absolutive
From root tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -ktvā
Root: tyaj (class 1)
उत्तिष्ठ (uttiṣṭha) - arise, stand up (stand up, arise)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of utthā
Imperative 2nd person singular
Imperative form of root sthā (to stand) with prefix ut
Prefix: ud
Root: sthā (class 1)
परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (Arjuna) (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa
paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies
Compound: param (enemy) + tapa (scorcher/tormentor)
Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)
- para – other, enemy
noun (masculine) - tapa – scorching, tormenting, asceticism
noun (masculine)
From root tap (to heat, torment)
Root: tap (class 1)