महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-24, verse-2

श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
कुतस्त्वा कश्मलमिदं विषमे समुपस्थितम् ।
अनार्यजुष्टमस्वर्ग्यमकीर्तिकरमर्जुन ॥२॥

2. śrībhagavānuvāca ,
kutastvā kaśmalamidaṁ viṣame samupasthitam ,
anāryajuṣṭamasvargyamakīrtikaramarjuna.

2. śrībhagavān uvāca kutaḥ tvā kaśmalam idam viṣame
samupasthitam anāryajuṣṭam asvargyam akīrtikaram arjuna

2. śrībhagavān uvāca: arjuna,
kutaḥ idam kaśmalam viṣame tvā samupasthitam? (idam) anāryajuṣṭam asvargyam akīrtikaram (ca asti)

2. The Blessed Lord said: O Arjuna, from where has this impurity (kaśmala) arisen in you at this critical moment? It is not characteristic of noble persons (ārya), it does not lead to heaven, and it brings dishonor.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीभगवान् (śrībhagavān) - The Blessed Lord (Kṛṣṇa) (The Blessed Lord)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, why

• त्वा (tvā) - to you, in you (you (accusative singular))

• कश्मलम् (kaśmalam) - impurity (kaśmala) (impurity, delusion, faint-heartedness, distress)

• इदम् (idam) - this (this (neuter nominative singular))

• विषमे (viṣame) - in this difficult situation, at this critical moment (in a difficult situation, in a crisis, in an uneven place)

• समुपस्थितम् (samupasthitam) - has arisen (arisen, appeared, presented itself)

• अनार्यजुष्टम् (anāryajuṣṭam) - not characteristic of noble persons (ārya) (not practiced by noble persons)

• अस्वर्ग्यम् (asvargyam) - does not lead to heaven (not leading to heaven, not conducive to heaven)

• अकीर्तिकरम् (akīrtikaram) - brings dishonor (causing dishonor, disgraceful)

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीभगवान् (śrībhagavān) - The Blessed Lord (Kṛṣṇa) (The Blessed Lord)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrībhagavat

śrībhagavat - the Blessed Lord, the fortunate, venerable

Compound: śrī (glory, prosperity) + bhagavat (possessing fortune, adorable, divine)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+bhagavat)

• śrī – splendor, prosperity, auspiciousness
  noun (feminine)
• bhagavat – possessed of fortune, glorious, divine, venerable
  adjective (masculine)
  Possessive adjective from 'bhaga'
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd person singular

Perfect form of root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, why

(indeclinable)

From the interrogative pronoun kim

त्वा (tvā) - to you, in you (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic form of tvām.

कश्मलम् (kaśmalam) - impurity (kaśmala) (impurity, delusion, faint-heartedness, distress)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaśmala

kaśmala - impurity, faint-heartedness, delusion, dirt

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti' (is).

इदम् (idam) - this (this (neuter nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to 'kaśmalam'.

विषमे (viṣame) - in this difficult situation, at this critical moment (in a difficult situation, in a crisis, in an uneven place)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, critical, perilous

Compound: vi (prefix, implying separation/negation) + sama (even, equal)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (vi+sama)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• sama – even, equal, tranquil
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śam

समुपस्थितम् (samupasthitam) - has arisen (arisen, appeared, presented itself)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - arisen, present, appeared

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with prefixes sam- and upa-

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

अनार्यजुष्टम् (anāryajuṣṭam) - not characteristic of noble persons (ārya) (not practiced by noble persons)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anāryajuṣṭa

anāryajuṣṭa - not practiced by noble persons, ignoble

Compound: an- (not) + ārya (noble) + juṣṭa (practiced/favored). Lit. 'not favored by noble persons'.

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (an+ārya+juṣṭa)

• an – not
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ārya – noble, respectable, Aryan
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ
• juṣṭa – practiced, served, favored
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root juṣ (to enjoy, practice)
  Root: juṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kaśmalam'.

अस्वर्ग्यम् (asvargyam) - does not lead to heaven (not leading to heaven, not conducive to heaven)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asvargya

asvargya - not leading to heaven, unheavenly

Compound: a- (not) + svargya (leading to heaven)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+svargya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• svargya – leading to heaven, celestial
  adjective (neuter)
  From svarga (heaven) with suffix -ya

Note: Modifies 'kaśmalam'.

अकीर्तिकरम् (akīrtikaram) - brings dishonor (causing dishonor, disgraceful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akīrtikara

akīrtikara - causing dishonor, disgraceful

Compound: a- (not) + kīrti (fame) + kara (causing). Lit. 'not causing fame'.

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+kīrti+kara)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kīrti – fame, glory
  noun (feminine)
  From root kṛt (to praise, celebrate)
  Root: kṛt (class 6)
• kara – making, causing, doing
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'kaśmalam'.

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna; white, clear