महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-24, verse-15

यं हि न व्यथयन्त्येते पुरुषं पुरुषर्षभ ।
समदुःखसुखं धीरं सोऽमृतत्वाय कल्पते ॥१५॥

15. yaṁ hi na vyathayantyete puruṣaṁ puruṣarṣabha ,
samaduḥkhasukhaṁ dhīraṁ so'mṛtatvāya kalpate.

15. yam hi na vyathayanti ete puruṣam puruṣarṣabha
samaduḥkhasukham dhīram saḥ amṛtatvāya kalpate

15. puruṣarṣabha! hi ete yam puruṣam samaduḥkhasukham dhīram na vyathayanti,
saḥ amṛtatvāya kalpate

15. O best among men (puruṣarṣabha), the person (puruṣa) whom these (contacts) do not perturb, who remains balanced in pain and pleasure and is steadfast (dhīra) — he indeed becomes worthy of immortality (amṛtatva).

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom, which

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• व्यथयन्ति (vyathayanti) - they perturb, they disturb, they distress

• एते (ete) - these (contacts) (these)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - the person (puruṣa) (person, human being, the cosmic person)

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O chief of men

• समदुःखसुखम् (samaduḥkhasukham) - one for whom pain and pleasure are equal, balanced in pain and pleasure

• धीरम् (dhīram) - steadfast (dhīra) (the wise/steadfast one)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

• अमृतत्वाय (amṛtatvāya) - for immortality (amṛtatva) (for immortality, for liberation)

• कल्पते (kalpate) - becomes worthy of (is able, is fit for, is worthy, becomes, is destined)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

व्यथयन्ति (vyathayanti) - they perturb, they disturb, they distress

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vyath

Root: vyath (class 1)

एते (ete) - these (contacts) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to mātrāsparśāḥ from the previous verse.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - the person (puruṣa) (person, human being, the cosmic person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O chief of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best among men, chief of men

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – person, man
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

समदुःखसुखम् (samaduḥkhasukham) - one for whom pain and pleasure are equal, balanced in pain and pleasure

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaduḥkhasukha

samaduḥkhasukha - one for whom pain and pleasure are equal, balanced in pain and pleasure

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sama+duḥkha+sukha)

• sama – equal, same, balanced
  adjective (masculine)
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• sukha – pleasure, happiness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies puruṣam.

धीरम् (dhīram) - steadfast (dhīra) (the wise/steadfast one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, steady, firm, courageous

Note: Qualifies puruṣam.

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to puruṣam.

अमृतत्वाय (amṛtatvāya) - for immortality (amṛtatva) (for immortality, for liberation)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of amṛtatva

amṛtatva - immortality, eternal life, liberation (mokṣa)

Derived from 'amṛta' with suffix '-tva'

कल्पते (kalpate) - becomes worthy of (is able, is fit for, is worthy, becomes, is destined)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, ātmanepada, present (laṭ) of kḷp

Root: kḷp (class 1)